Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 2004. Vol. 4. Eger Journal of English Studies. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 30)

ALBERT PÉTER VERMES Culture in Translation: Strategies and Operations

Culture iri Translation: Strategies and Operations 87 truth-functional logical entry, which may be empty, partially filled or fully definitional, and an encyclopaedic entry, containing various kinds of (propositional and non-propositional) representational information about the extension and the possible connotations of the concept (e.g. cultured or personal beliefs), stored in memory. The concept may also be associated with a lexical entry, which contains linguistic (phonological, morphological, semantic and categorial) information about the natural language item related to it (Sperber and Wilson 1986: 83-93). The three different types of information (lexical, logical and encyclopaedic) are stored in different places in memory. It is suggested that the content of an assumption is the function of the logical entries of the concepts that it contains and the context in which it is processed is, at least partly, drawn from the encyclopaedic entries of these concepts (Sperber and Wilson 1986: 89). 2.2. Context and Translation Utterance interpretation is an inferential process whereby the audience infers, by combining the stimulus with a set of contextual assumptions (context in the narrow sense), the intended meaning of the communicator. For this to happen, the audience must use the context envisaged by the communicator, otherwise the stimulus may be misinterpreted and the communication may fail. Let us call the situation when this condition is fulfilled a primary communication situation, and the second where the audience uses a more or less different set of contextual assumptions a secondary communication situation (Gutt 1991: 73). A secondary communication situation is likely to occur when the communicator and the audience are representatives of different socio-cultural contexts (context in the wider sense), that is, when there is a marked difference between their background assumptions and circumstances, which constitute, roughly, the cognitive environment of an individual (Sperber and Wilson 1986: 39). Interpretive resemblance between utterances (or any representation with a propositional form) means that the two representations share at least a subset of their analytic and contextual implications (their explicatures and implicatures) in a context (Wilson and Sperber 1988: 138). Translation can then be seen as the act of communicating in the secondary context an informative intention that interpretively resembles the original one as closely as possible under the given conditions. Thus the principle of relevance in translation becomes a presumption of optimal resemblance: the translation is "(a) presumed to interpretively resemble the original [...] and (b) the resemblance it shows is to be consistent with