Az Egri Ho Si Minh Tanárképző Főiskola Tud. Közleményei. 1982. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 16)

I. TANULMÁNYOK A TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYOK KÖRÉBÖL - Kelemen Imre—Dr. Szabó István: Az esetgrammatika előzményei és néhány elméleti kérdése

statements though — it is pointed out further on in the paper — could hardly be acceptable to the linguist of today. The claim that the ,,empty places" can only be filled in by words of another word class, e. g., is untenable in view of cases like the imposition of martial law etc. where imposition governs martial law; nor can we accept his claim that Adjectives take only one actant (K. Bühler, op. cit., p. 303), N is prone to sg, B is liable to punishment, etc., are two-place adjectival Predicates (and such constructions can, no doubt, be found in other languages as well). We have to admit, however, that many of Bühler's insightful remarks have deeply influenced and enriched the linguistic thinking of today. He rightly observed, e. g., (K. Bühler, op. cit., p. 246) that categories, their relations and interdependencies underlie GOVERNMENT. This view is now shared by many generative grammarians and case-grammarians: Chafe, McCawley, Fillmore, Károly, by the Moscow semanticists: Mel'cuk, Zolkovskij, Paduceva and others. L. Elekfi (op. cit.) also follows the same line of reasoning as well as J. Zsilka (op. cit.) Some generative semanticits — we point out further — go as far as claiming in their argumentation that all rules of collocation and compatibility are the rules of semantic categories. Mc-Cawley, e. g. (op. cit., p. 134) contends that „. . . any piece of information which may figure in the semantic representation of an item may figure in the selectional restriction." This is an extreme, semantically inspired view unwarranted by linguistic facts —• we emphasise — and Katz's (op. cit.) formalism is equally extreme and even dogmatic. We do not accept either stand and on the basis if examples taken from Russian we try to illustrate how semantic and gramatical categories intersect, how they are interrelated: podmaster'je (craftsman), e. g., belongs to the masculine gender, despite its ending (according to the formal grammatical rule of gender in Russian it should belong to the reuter gender); and the reason for this is semantic: it denotes an adult male; some categories, on the other hand, are purely grammatical: mertvec (corpse) is regarded as animate (despite the semantic content of the word). Similarly in German: das Weib, das Fraulein are grammatically neuter (despite denoting female persons), but we refer back to those Nouns by sie rather than by es where, obviously, semantic considerations are at work. Finally we analyse M. Grady's (cf. op. cit.) system at some length in the article. His work being accessible to anybody who reads English, there is no need to give a précis of his theory here. We have thought it useful to trace the history of case-grammatical thinking back several centuries into the past partly because (at least, this is our conviction) we can better understand the present state of a theory — and not only of a theory — if we look at its roots and its past; we also wanted to show that some elements of case grammar have long been present in Hungarian and in European linguistic thinking. (The last conclusion — a trivial one — might be that there is nothing completely new under the sun of linguistics either.) .185