Az Egri Ho Si Minh Tanárképző Főiskola Tud. Közleményei. 1982. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 16)
I. TANULMÁNYOK A TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYOK KÖRÉBÖL - (Cirill betűk)
cf)MH xapaKTepM3yeTCíi KaTeropjiajibHoii cmctcmom npeflejibHo Bceo6m,mx iiohhtmm, He nepecTpaMBaeMbix abtomatnneckm b cbh3m c otnohkobahnem ot cJdmjioCOC^mm Toro mjim MHOTO BOnpOCa. riOSTOMy MeJIOBeK b paMKaX MapKCMCTCKOM c1dmjioco(J)mm BbiCTynaeT kak takaa u,eji0CTH0CTb, KOTOpaa He mo>kct öbiTb cxBaneHa KaKoíí-jiMÖo flpyroM — HecjDMjiococjpcKOjí — TeopeTMHecKoíí mo^ejijibio, m6o OHa OKa3biBaeTCíi He a/jeKBaTHOM eiviy, KaK poflOBOMy cymecTBy. <í>mjiococJ)míi n0t0my m coctabjinet ocoöyio jiormneckyio cmctemy, hto OHa M3y^aeT HejioBei<a He KaK KonenHoe cymecTBo, a KaK 6ecK0HeHH0-yHMBepcajibiioe. otjimhme nejioBeKa KaK npeflMeTa (jdmjiococjdckoro no3nahma ot Iieci^HJIOCOCJjCKMX MCCJie^OBaHMM COCTOMT He b TOM, HTO ohm M3yH310T pa3i'bic »qacTM«, »ynacTKM« oahoto m Toro >Ke npe^MeTa, a b tom, hto nacthbie HayKM MCCJieflyHDT pa3JIMHHbie MOflMCjDMKaíJMM IipOHBJieHMH HeJIOBeneCKMX cymHocTHbix cmji, c£)hjiococ]dmíi — caMy cymHocTb. TaKMM 0Öpa30M, ohm MCCJie^yiOT nejioBeKa Ha pa3JMHHbix ypoBtiax m nojiynaiOT pa3JiMHH0M ctcochm oölljhoctm TeopeTMnecKMe BbiBOflbi. Omjioco4)mji M3ynaeT HejioBeKa b peKypce Bcero Miipa, npMHMMaa bo BHMMaHMe HejiOBenecKyio npaKTMKy b iiojiHOM OÖTJCMC. npM TaKOM yCJIOBMM HejIOBeK AeMCTBIITeJIbHO BbiCTynaeT KaK u,ejioe, Kai< MMp, B3HTMM b OTHOineHMM k nejiOBCKy. OTCJö/ja npoMCTCKaeT HCOÖXOAMMOCTb b OÖHapy>KeHMM M M3yHCHMM BCeOÖmMX c|)OpM ÖblTMÍI HejIOBCKa, ne coBnaflaiomiix c oÖbifleHHbiMM npe^CTaBjicHMíiMM o ero cymnocTM, KOTopbiMM MoryT yflOBjieTBopMTbca nacTHbie nayKM, m6o b mx nojie 3pchmh HaxoflHTca jiiiiHb OTflejibHbie, nacTHbie (MacTM ^Hbie) oTHOineHMH HejioBeKa C MMpOM. Cmhtc3, ocyuj;ecTBji5ieMbiM (JdmjiococJímcm, sto 3HaHMe, nojiyneHiioe c rioMombio c]dmjiococ]3ckmx KaTeropMM, KOTopbie oxBaTbiBaK)T npeflejibHo oömne m rjiyöoKMe cymHocTHbie cTOpOHbi Ömtmh nejiOBeKa, oho BKjnonaeT b ceon oijehky öbitmíi, mcxoah m3 cootbctcbyioih,mx ijenem mejiobeka. omjiococ^ckmm cMHTe3 oi<a3biBaeTCíi CMHTe30M ocoöoro pofla, nocKOJibKy npoflyu,MpyeT He npOCTO 3HaHMe O MMpe KaK HaJIMHHOM ÖblTMM, HO M 0 MMpe, KaKMM OH AOjijKCH öwTb no HaniMM npe^CTaBjieHMHM. C 3tom tohkm 3peHMíI MapKCMCTCKaíI C|)MJI0C04)MH He MO>KeT He 3aHMMaTbCH m CMHT630M HavHHoro 3HaiiMH o HejiOBeKe, nojiyneHHoro BceM KOMnjieKCOM HayK o nejiOBeKe, ho stot cmhtc3 To>Ke ocymecTBJiiieTCH noA onpeAejieHHbiM yrjioM 3peHMH : no^ yrjioM 3peHMa Bceíí qejioBeHecKoii npaKTMKM. üpaKTMKa, oöjiaflan ^octomhctbom Bceo6in,HOCTM, onocpe^CTByeT yHMBepcajibHocTb m nejiocTHOCTb (J)mjioco43ckoro noaxofla k nejioBeKy. MapKCMCTCKan (^mjiococ^míi MMeeT flejio He c TeM mjim mhhm bm^om HCJioBenecKOM npaKTMKM, He c tom mjim mhom c]dopmom nejioBenecKOM ^eHTejibHocTM, a c npaKTMKOM b ee CTpyKTypHOM HepacnjieHeHHOCTM, c npaKTMKOM KaK enOCOÖOM 6bITM5I MeJIOBeKa. npaKTMKa b C|)MJI0C0C|}CK0M nOHMMaHMM m COCTaBJIHeT Ty OÖTjeKTMBHyHD OCHOBy 43MJIOCO(J)CKOrO ypOBHH n03HaHMíi MejioBeKa, kotopwm ^aeT KanecTBCHHO H0B0e 3HaHMe o nejioBeKe. Bjiaroflapü 3TOMy, cJdmjiococ|)ckmm acneicT npoöJieMbi nejioBeKa b MapKCM3Me CBOÖOfleH OT BCÍIKMX SJieMeHTOB CneKyjIHTMBHOCTM, nOCKOJIbKy OH yHMTblBaeT Bcio cobokyrihyio HejioBenecKyio ^eíiTejibHocTb, ho BMecTe c TeM He mckjiio4aeT ApyrMx ypOBHeíí no3HaHMH nejioBeKa, 6a3Mpyioiii;Mxcíi b cbocm pacKpbitmm «npnpoAbi», cymHOCTM MejiOBeKa Ha KOHKpeTHbix CJJOPMAX npaKTMnecKOM fleHTeJIbHOCTM. 105