Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 2001. [Vol. 7.] Eger Journal of American Studies.(Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 27)

Book review - András Tarnóc: Csillag András: Joseph Pulitzer és az amerikai sajtó. [Joseph Pulitzer and the American Journalism]

attempts to maintain ties with the old country and the new one. In Pulitzer's case the connection to American society seems stronger. From the time of his very arrival he seemed not to follow the traditional career of the immigrant, that is, he did not seek the assistance of the Hungarian immigrant community, but joined the Union army. This is all the more so interesting as Pulitzer's English proficiency was not satisfactory and despite this he did not resort to the emotional security offered by the Hungarian diaspora. Whereas most works dedicated to Pulitzer examine him within the American context, that is dissect his contributions to American culture and society, Csillag offers a more subtle view of the press tycoon. Pulitzer's ambiguous and somewhat reluctant attitude to Hungary and his family notwithstanding, he is an immigrant whose career can be analyzed according to the well-known aspects of the laws and explanations concerning the immigration process. One of the most acknowledged scholars of immigration, E. G. Ravenstein offers certain analytical tools to examine this event. (Daniels 17). Push factors include all elements that drive the would-be immigrant away from his or her homeland, pull factors include certain characteristics and features that draw the individual toward the new country. Arthur Mann's famous classification of the acculturation process can also be applied. As acculturation means the process during which the host society absorbs the foreign born, four stages can be distinguished. Total identifiers are individuals who remain with the original ethnic community throughout their immigrant career primarily for emotional and economic security. Partial identifiers are immigrants who maintain divided loyalties to both cultures. This is the category which applies to most immigrants. Disaffiliates are the individuals who figuratively "cannot go home again" as primarily due to education they broke away from the original community and are unable to return. Hybrids are individuals from whom immigration and ethnicity are all "but washed out"(78). Having applied these analytical tools, the following conclusions can be drawn. The push factors in Pulitzer's case are the thirst for adventure, escape from poverty, breaking out of the restrictive family and society and leaving behind religious persecution along with a desire for self-actualization. However, Pulitzer does not fit the mold of 188