Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 2000. [Vol. 6.] Eger Journal of American Studies. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 26)

Book reviews - András Tarnóc: Tibor Frank: Ethnicity, Propaganda, Myth-Making: Studies on Hungarian Connections to Britain and America 1848-1945.

projection, that is, its categorization primarily depends on the position of the observer. Namely, if a social group or country perceives itself in a subordinate position, the image projection qualifies as counter hegemonic. Similarly, a nation presenting primarily counter hegemonic impulses can also be a source of hegemonic culture projection demonstrated by the insistence on the pre-eminence of the "Hungarian race" in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. While in Hungary the decline of the old order is paralleled with a painful adjustment to a post-World War One era, the American side also displays the growing pains of a prospective superpower. Consequently, both sides are in a crisis searching for their identity in the new world order. In this crisis situation both countries experience the need to define their identity or protect it from outsiders and it is the volatile issue of race and ethnicity that emerges as the key component of the identity protection process. One of the added values of the work is its theoretical framework facilitating a simultaneous examination of the conflicting and competing histories, thereby demonstrating the interdependence of the two worlds. Whereas the author grouped the articles into three different categories, the analysis of the respective culture projection processes yields a different conceptual apparatus. Hegemonic culture projection

, in which the image originates from the dominant country, is primarily applicable to U.S.

—Hungarian relations. Since during culture projection the image creator is defined as well, the main motivator of this type of intercultural communication was the American fear of the social and political consequences of New Immigration. The arrival of the immigrants not conforming to the WASP model appeared to threaten the cultural foundation of the U.S. and elicited a nativist response best summed up by Madison Grant's infamous words: "If the melting pot is allowed to boil without control, and we continue to follow our national motto and deliberately blind ourselves to all 'distinctions of race, creed, or color,' the type of native American of Colonial descent will become as extinct as the Athenian of the age of Pericles, and the Viking of the days of Rollo" (qtd. in Frank 154). Franz Boas' anthropological examination of Austro-Hungarian immigrants contributed to the Dillingham Report and to the principal product of this culture projection process, the subsequent immigration restriction legislation clearly considered 223