Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 2007. Sectio Scientarium Economicarum et Socialium. (Acta Academiae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 34)
Chambliss Karen-Slotkin Michael H.-Vámosi Alexander R.: A 'javító' fenntarthatóság a'steady-state' fenntarthatóság és a strukturált ökoturizmus
24 Chambliss Karen -Slotkin Michael H.-V ámosi Alexander R. sustainability, which reaffirms our italicized proposition. Additionally, it highlights the imperative of further examination of the structured cluster. With respect to this paper's aforementioned objectives, the data support the notion of large numbers of tourists interested in service-intensive, mediated ecotravel. In the absence of market failure, competitive markets should yield travel options which satisfy this niche. Rather than view this from the perspective of the individual, we seek to offer a flavor of what we believe exemplifies structured ecotourism: the blossoming birding and wildlife festival industry. In particular, we examine the oldest and most significant festival held in the State of Florida. Thus, section three seeks to prove, in an informal but connotative way, the notion of wildlife festivals as a sub-category of structured ecotourism. 3. Structured Ecotourism Birding and wildlife festivals (BWFs) have blossomed in the United States during the past decade [DeCray et al. (1998); Kim et al. (1998); DiGregorio (2002)] and manifest many of the characteristics that would be associated with structured ecotourism. BWFs are typically three to five day celebrations of birds, indigenous plants, and wildlife. Organizers utilize National Wildlife Refuges, National Parks, State Parks, and other protected lands, seeking to educate visitors about specie and habitat conservation as well as generate an economic impact for the local community. Activities typically include seminars on various species of birds and wildlife, field trips to parks and refuges, workshops on birding and photography, participatory events such as kayaking, horseback riding, and birding competitions, and activities which showcase much of the local flavor. In practice, BWFs combine elements of nature tourism as well as cultural and heritage aspects. As stated in section two, WL's seminal piece identifies eight areas that overlap the sub-spectra of harder and softer ecotourists. Structured ecotourists share three characteristics with harder ecotourists: (1) strong environmental commitment; (2) an interest in events that promote enhancive sustainability; and, (3) events that are physically active. The five preferences that equate with or exceed the softer end of the ecotourism continuum are: (4) multi-purpose trips; (5) short trips; (6) larger groups; (7) services expected; and, (8) emphasis on interpretation. In the conclusion to their paper, WL seek to determine, "How can the preference for observing nature in a wild and unrestricted setting, for example, be harmonized with the desire for facilities, services, escorted tours, and social stimulation?" [WL, p. 279] The source of WL's sample was a pair of Australian ecolodges. We assert and seek to informally prove that Florida-style BWFs, the first of which emerged in 1997, are synonymous with structured ecotourism. The Space Coast Birding & levels of birder specialization. With respect to donation to conservation causes during the past year, no significant differences were found by specialization level.
