Dénesi Tamás - Dejcsics Konrád (szerk.): Collectanea Sancti Martini - A Pannonhalmi Főapátság Gyűjteményeinek Értesítője 2. (Pannonhalma, 2014)
I.Tanulmányok
98 BORKIMÉRÉS A SZENTMÁRTONI URADALOMBAN A 18. SZÁZADBAN RAVASZ János (1938), A sárospataki uradalom gazdálkodása a XVIII. század első felében, Budapest (Tanulmányok a magyar mezőgazdaság történetéhez 14). SZABAD György (1957), A tatai és gesztesi Eszterházy-uradalom áttérése a robotrendszerről a tőkés gazdálkodásra, Budapest. SZIRÁCSIK Éva (2005), A divényi uradalom gazdálkodása a Zichy hitbizomány első száz évében (1687–1787), Salgótarján. TÓTH Tibor (1987), A mernyei uradalom a feudális rend utolsó szakaszában, Budapest (Agrártörténeti tanulmányok 5). TÓTH János Aldemár (1998), A pannonhalmi gazdálkodás története a XVIII. század dere kán, Pannonhalma (Pannonhalmi Füzetek 42). Urbáriumok = Urbáriumok, XVI–XVII. század, szerk. MAKSAY Ferenc, Budapest, 1959. Péter Pallagi: Wine retail in the estate of Saint Martin in the 18th century During the period marked by the feudal system, serfs owed different charges to their landlords. A separate group was formed by the so called royal minor usufructs (regalia minora), which were originally due to the King of Hungary, however, the monarchs had let the landowners have these usufructs as early as the age of the Arpads (897–1301). One of the items in this group was the lucrative retailing of wine and spirits, which became widespread all over the Realm of Hungary after having it codified in the 16 th century. In compliance with Act XXXVI of 1550, in settlements with hillsides full of vineyards, the monopoly of wine retail appertained to the landlords from the Day of Saint George (24th April) to Michaelmas (29th September), in this way even tithe-wine of weaker quality could be sold in taverns. The present paper examines the economic influence of the right of retailing wine and spirits (jus educilli ) in the estate of Saint Martin (nowadays Pannonhalma) in the 18 th century, which has rarely been researched yet. The data for the research come from the books of accounts, deeds of socage, the documents of the landlords’ courts related to the period kept in the Archives of the Archabbey in Pannonhalma. Based on the archival resources we can state that a significant proportion of the income appertaining to the estate of Saint Martin was provided by retailing wine. The largest amount of wine was sold in the centre of the estate, in the so called lower (market-town) and upper (monastery) tavern of Saint Martin. Various pilgrimages and church feasts – like that of Saint Stephen, the parish feast of Saint Willebald in Ravazd, or Christmas – considerably increased wine-consumption in the taverns. The various documents of the landlords’ courts in the 18th century demonstrate an interesting view concerning the social status of tavern-keepers, and about the everyday life and mentality displayed in taverns. At the same time, we can have a glance into the early conflicts of the ethnic groups, tavern brawls, and idyllic wine-bibbing.
