Bács-Kiskun megye múltjából 12. (Kecskemét, 1993)

REZÜMÉ

PLANT CULTIVATION IN KECSKEMÉT BETWEEN 1770-1850 written by Tibor Iványosi Szabó During the Ottoman (Turkish) occupation farming of market towns on the Great Hungarian Plain based on animal keeping, this way plant cultivation played less significant role also in town Kecskemét. On the one hand grazing ground got constricted because of the „Jászkun" (Jazigian — Cumanian) redemption. In order to supply the population with food and livestock with fodder gradual plant cultivation development became necessary. At the and of 18th and beginning of 19th century new plant cultures naturalized in the outskirts. Potato, corn, tobacco, etc. got more significant role in the local trade. In the long battle against shifting sands the grape-vine and fruit plantations and forests proved to be most efficient. The real flourishing of the hundreds—year-old grape-vine culture and fruit-production was promoted by the increased local and Pest market. The conditions of agricultural activity altered radically during this one and a half century. Entirely new kind of organisations came into existence: small farms called TANYA. On the one hand they made the agricultural activity much more economic, on the other hand they became the basis of plant cultivation and livestock breeding. At the end of this preiod a complete small farm network was formed that shaped the next century's capitalist production in significant part of The Great Hungarian Plain. Kecskemét served as an example. SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION IN KECSKEMÉT IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY (With special regard to Jewish people situation) written by Mr. József O. Kovács Reception conditions are described by the author after short introduction of Kecskemét society's composition. An important viewpoint of getting civil rights was the applicant's capital magnitude. Number of aliens was intended to be kept on a minimum level. The most successful way of population was marrying. To get inhabitant right a certain sum had to be paid. Jewish people's situation is dealt with by the author separately. Since Jewish persons did not enjoy equality before the law their settlement met with difficulties unlike e. g. in western part of the country. Mostly wool and