Kenyeres István (szerk.): Urbs. Magyar Várostörténeti Évkönyv XVI. - Urbs 16. (Budapest, 2022)
Abstracts
468 Abstracts lived directly or indirectly from the vineyard or wine. The soldiers stationed in the city, the river crossing and the public at the ports provided a demand locally. Due to the outbreak of the Rákóczi War of Independence, the distribution of Buda wine in England had to be stopped, but the distribution in Hungary and Lower Austria was not affected. For a while, during the cash-poor years of the war, Buda wine was even a substitute for cash, and it is no coincidence that vineyards were considered the most valuable properties. Wine was a steady source of income not only for the people but also for the town. Accordingly, particular attention was paid to the cultivation of grapes and the distribution of wine, which meant much more than setting prices, announcing the harvesting season, or employing vineyard guards. The wine from the vineyards owned by the town was measured out in the town hall inn, the town employees were partly paid in wine, and debts, fines imposed by the magistrate or even the right of citizenship could be settled in wine. Another question worth examining, however, is how the winegrowers and vintners who spent most of their lives in the vineyards lived in a town where wine and grapes were so important. Anita Berecz “The Church Offers Prayers and Tithe for the Good of the Country.” The 1854 Contract of Serfdom Redemption of Eger The process and the social effects of the 1854 contract of serfdom redemption between Archbishop Béla Bartakovics and the city of Eger have received little attention from historians, although in the case of Eger the study of this topic is of particular importance. Under the April Laws, the landlords’jurisdiction was abolished, and they became free as individuals. However, the abolition of the socage and the tithe, and the transfer of the land of the serfs to private ownership did not affect the inhabitants of Eger, as it did not affect other settlements interested in vine cultivation, because the people of Eger cultivated the vineyards not under the urbárium but under the Fenessy agreement, so these lands were allodial and not urbarial. For this reason, however, they were not subject to state compensation according to the April Laws but were subject to self-redemption. Ignoring other regulations in Hungary that came into force after April 1848, the issue was settled by the 1853 Urbarial Patent, which was effectively in accordance with the April Laws, so the town had to redeem the vineyard teeth by paying the redemption fee and free the vineyards from the church property. In my study, I describe the process of what positions and interests were considered by the parties between 1848
