Urbs - Magyar várostörténeti évkönyv 7. (Budapest, 2012)
Recenziók
592 Abstracts ÁRPÁD TÓTH Social Relations and Kinship System of the Lutheran Citizens in 18th Century Pozsony The study deals with the issue what sort of opportunities resulted from Pozsony’s special position as a capital during the moderate phase of the Counter-Reformation, for the most educated and ambitious Lutheran citizens moreover the intellectuals (many of them were gentry) lived in that town. The number of preachers, doctors, pharmacists, corporate and cattle merchants as well as these professions’ peculiarities and commonalities in their circumstances stand at the centre of the paper. For instance the necessity of cooperation with the catholic milieu (especially with the elite), those professions (through the title of nobility became available for the Lutherans) which were respectable by the norms of that age are highlighted. The success and progress of the Lutherans were in many cases conspicuously remarkable. The study explains that phenomenon with the kinship system of the said people according to the analysis of the congregation registers (considering the consanguinity, the sponsorship by the godparents and related to this the institution of best man). By these examples a receptive and tolerant leader class of the town (crossed feudal and occupational barriers) can be identified that was open towards the new immigrants. That elite consisted of those who were promoted and attained better position through their own achievement. Furthermore, the cohesion of the class was strengthened by kinship. ISTVÁN H. NÉMET New Ways of Urban Policy: The Features of Absolutist Urban Policy in the Hungarian Kingdom at the Turn of the 17th - 18th Century In the late 17th century changes in urban policy affected the relationship between the free royal cities and the ruler; and these changes were fundamental. The study focuses on that particular framework which does not only valid for those free royal cities under the Flabsburg’s authority but also on those newly recaptured cities that were controlled by the Chamber. Changes in the Hungarian Kingdom are examined in the light of the contemporary trends of the urban policy in Europe and especially in the Habsburg Empire, where - similarly to the Hungarian Kingdom - the state’s urban policy was characterized by powerful centralization attempts. These attempts had many reasons: the catholic revival was only one of the explanations. From the 17th century the index of taxpaying ability of cities decreased and parallel to this the amount of debts of cities
