Urbs - Magyar várostörténeti évkönyv 7. (Budapest, 2012)
Recenziók
586 Abstracts house (identified through sources from the age of Béla Ill’s reign) in which king Béla III entertained Frederick Barbarossa, when the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire marching with his armies to crusade crossed Hungary. By the sources, for instance German sources which is about the visitation of Barbarossa, or the Hungarian chronicler Anonymus who identified the Buda Castle as Attila’s town or as it is called in the German sources Etzelburg; and by the explanatory and supplementary notes of the Nibelungenlied which interpreted the German and the Hun mythology one can rightly suppose that Óbuda started to close up to the royal centres during the reign of Béla III (1172-1196). King András II’s reign (1205-1235) brought a real change in the history of the Óbuda centre, because a relatively small sized but fairly slightly castle was built in that period behind the walls of the late Roman fortress. At this time Óbuda became in rank and its usage coordinate with Esztergom and Fehérvár. His son, King Béla IV (1235-1270) provided priority rights for Óbuda and later Buda which meant a huge advance. Béla IV before the Mongolian attack 1241 chose consciously the territory of Buda as his centre. LÁSZLÓ SZENDE Handicraft in the Royal Centres in the 13th-14th Century The importance of connection between the so-called central places and handicraft has been always highlighted. Jenő Szűcs, Erik Fügedi and Jenő Major laid down the fundament of that approach, which was improved later by András Kubinyi’s further research. In my paper I attempt to analyse the state of the 13-14th century royal residences’ - for instance Esztergom, Buda and Visegrád - handicraft through the comparison of the written and archaeological sources. The medieval town, in a legal sense, appeared first in Hungary around the turn of the 12-13th century. The royal residences can be sorted along with feudal and ecclesiastical centres to the group of the praeurban settlements. The common characteristic of those centres was that the yards and workshops situated directly or indirectly close to them. In the settlements for which the privilege of commerce and the right to host market were provided the craftsmen could earn living. Esztergom which was one of Hungary’s royal residences during the Árpád era, was also the capital of the Hungarian church and the Esztergom County (castrum), moreover thanks to its geographical advantages had an economic role and its markets were favourably visited by domestic and long distance merchants as well. Although, the settlement was rebuilt relatively quickly after the havoc of the Tartar invasion, Esztergom
