Urbs - Magyar Várostörténeti Évkönyv 12. (Budapest, 2017)
Recenziók
428 Abstracts ments was slower, even if the mining colonies had only a few hundred inhabitants. A similar social welfare system developed in the colonies belonging to the Ironworks and it continued to exist until the nationalization. Although metallurgy and mining remained dominant in the region in the following half a century as well, the structure changed from the late 1940s, in the frames of socialism. Csanád Demeter Socialist Urbanisation in Szentegyháza The extensive socialist urbanisation that started in the 1960s changed the image of the settlements in Székely Land and such settlements gained urban status, which earlier did not have the conditions necessary for becoming a town. The “artificially created towns” usually owed their urban status to their geographical conditions or industrial potential. Vlahica (today Szentegyháza) was created when the borders of the counties were changed; it was formed by the merger of Szentkeresztbánya and Lövétebánya, famous for their ironworking; Szentegyháza (Oláhfalu), famous for its timber extraction and Homoródfürdő, a well-known spa. Thus, the provincial town of 6,250 people became one of the most significant centres of the metalworking industry. The study discusses the conditions for urbanization, the industrial and institutional development of the town in the Ceausescu-era. Ádám Németh Urban Planning as Part of Governmental Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Vienna The peculiar authorship of the plan for the enlargement of the town of Pest made by the treasury commissioner Baron Johann Schilson in 1787, traditionally regarded as a milestone in the history of Hungarian urban planning, is usually interpreted in the light of its creator’s artistic inclinations and ambitious personality. The article instead seeks to explain Schilson’s planning activity by pointing to his education at the Theresianum noble academy established by the Habsburg court in Vienna in the mid-eighteenth century with the purpose of training highly qualified state officials. Besides the traditional characteristics of noble education, typical for other schools in the Austrian lands led by Jesuits, the curriculum at this institution laid strong emphasis on practical courses that were supposed to form the basis of a comprehensive governmental knowledge necessary for the effective practice of territorial administration. Two scholars, teaching at the Theresianum in the 1750s, were authors of books with chapters discussing the planning of cities. The first was a schoolbook for the institu
