Urbs - Magyar Várostörténeti Évkönyv 10-11. (Budapest, 2017)
Abstracts
Abstracts 457 danubia and especially to the urban development? What were its social history aspects between 1896 and 1914? 2. Which towns seized the opportunity to utilise the water energy (Szombathely, Sopron, Sárvár, Csepreg), which did not (Kőszeg), and why? 3. What efforts were made to utilise the water energy and how did the abovemen- tioned towns help the projects? 4. What did these towns benefit from the projects? (Lighting of shops and flats, tram service, electrically operated pumps at the waterworks, etc.) 5. The presentation of the factors affecting the urban society. (Broader technical knowledge about electricity, spread of electrical household appliances.) 6. How did the councilors and citizens react to the project? What kind of conflicts were generated by the entry of new service providers? (E.g. conflicts with the illuminating gas companies, public lighting outside of the “gas zone”, etc.) In this paper the towns are examined in a functional way; thus in addition to Szombathely, Sopron and Kőszeg, the paper deals with Csepreg and Sárvár as well. According to the well-known complex research of Pál Beluszky, the latter two can be considered as villages, with functions of small towns. The issue is examined at the level of a region. KATALIN MÁRIA KINCSES Correlations between the ecological background, hydrographic conditions and hygiene in Sopron in the 15th-17th centuries The sanitation and hygienic conditions of Sopron can be understood through the reconstruction of the geographical, climatic and hydrographic conditions. The most significant factor is the hydrography of the town and its surroundings: the streams Ikva and Bánfalvi flowing through Sopron, the wells, lakes, the moat, the rain and waste water sewer system together with the Lake Fertő form an ecological system, which is fundamentally influenced by the Fertő. According to the sources, Sopron and its surroundings were well-watered. The hydrography determined the urban structure, the forms of production, the location of the guilds and the network of canals and trenches, which was built in the Middle Ages. The citizens had access to drinking water of sufficient quantity and quality. Hygiene and cleanliness affected everyday life and production and became central issues because of the epidemics of the period. The town administration accepted regulations and sanctions to force the citizens to preserve cleanliness. Waste removal was organized, the
