Csepely-Knorr Luca: Barren Places to Public Spaces. A History of Publick Park Design in Budapest 1867-1914 (Budapest, 2016)
Public Parks and Public Park design in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Square Montholon, Paris, 1863 / J-Ch. Adolphe Alphand, Les Promenades de Paris, Paris, 1867-1873 / BME-OMIKK Regarding the evolution of design thinking, the most important achievement of the Parisian parks was this hierarchical system. However, the attitude that these were designed to serve the particular needs of the residents in given areas of the city where they were designed was also exemplary. They also introduced the use of cafes and restaurants as part of the park infrastructure, which later became common features in urban green spaces. While English parks had been created for sports and games, the Parisian ones were intended to be more aesthetically pleasing spaces for strolling and for the hygiene of the city.136 Berlin emerged as a model for the design theory of public parks in continental Europe, due to the work of its first Garden Director, Gustav Meyer. Meyer s designs for Berlin show how the theory of public park design had been changing and evolving throughout the 19th century. Meyers theory brought together all the achievements and directions that had developed separately in different countries. The hygienic role as a primary goal in laying out public parks was very important in the urban design of the cities of the Industrial Revolution. Moral and aesthetic education had shaped German theory since the appearance of Hirschfeld s book. While 38
