Emberelődök nyomában. Az őskor emlékei Északkelet-Magyarországon (Miskolc, 2001)

IDEGENNYELVŰ ÖSSZEFOGLALÓK Ringer Árpád

appeared. That is in 1908, during his studies in Vienna, Kadic presented the finds to Gyula Szombathy and Hugo Obermaier , who -emphasising the lack of patina on the tools, a phenomenon otherwise frequently occurring on glassy quartzporphyry tools claimed that the finds were common forgeries. In 1911 the Tübingen Conference accepted the Ice Age origin of the Szeleta leafshaped tools, determining them as Solutrean implements. This was a favourable turn and gave a great impetus to the researches in Hungary. Till about 1959 the researches in Hungary aimed mostly at the study of caves. During these studies about 30 karstic holes were excavated in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county. Besides Szclcta cave the Istállóskő cave near Szilvásvárad, the Balla cave at Répáshuta and the Suba-lyuk at Cserépfalu are the most important ones. The survey of open-air sites and the use of the scientific information gained from their study got into the centre of interest only in the sixties of the 20th century. Till 1945 the only excavations at open-air sites in the country were carried out in the Avas hill in Miskolc and on the Henye mountain in Bodrogkeresztúr. In the next phase of the history of Paleolithic researches, between 1945 and 1976, at the beginning, till about 1959, still cave excavations dominated. Between 1947 and 1951 László Vértes led the excavations of the Istállóskő cave at Szilvásvárad, the Lambrecht Kálmán cave, the Peskő cave and those of the Petényi rock-shelter. Between 1959 and 1976, connected to the revision of leaf-shaped point cultures László Vértes, who led his last excavations in the Szeleta cave in 1966, started a workshop meeting on the Szeleta cave. In 1973 Magdolna Hellebrandt, the archeologist of the Herman Ottó Museum, with the co-operation of Andor Saád, made excavations in the Miskolc-Diósgyőr-Tapolca rock-shelter. In Hungary it was the first occasion when a settlement of Early Man was found in front of the entrance of the cave. During the description of the finds Lajos Tóth recognised their technological-typological parallels with the find assemblage of WeimarTaubach in Germany. The true flourishing of excavation of open-air sites in Hungary started at the end of the sixties of the 20th century when László Vértes worked at the Henye mountain at Bodrogkeresztúr, at the Avas Hill in Miskolc, at KorlátRavaszlyuktető and at Arka-Herzsarét. His pupil and successor, Viola T. Dobosi started excavations at Sajóbábony-Méhész tető in 1974 at the eponymous site of the later described Middle Paleolithic Bábonyian culture /Tables III-IV/. From the sixties of the 20th century, due to a change in the scientific approach of the Palaeolithic it became clear that NE Hungary is much richer in Middle and Upper Palaeolithic open-air settlements than in cave sites. At the same time it also became clear that among the newly discovered sites there are several older, Lower Palaeolithic sites as well. In 1967 Miklós Kretzoi found the famous remains of the Hominoida Rudapithecus at Rudabânya. In the period lasting from 1976 till our days Viola T. Dobosi, leader of the Palaeolithic Department of the Hungarian National Museum reached new scientific results in the study of Hungarian Upper Paleolithic in which the sites of the county, too were involved. She summarised her results in a monograph entitled BodrogkeresztúrHenye /NE Hungary/ Upper Palaeolithic Site published in 2000. From the second half of the seventies of the 20th century the pupils of Miklós Gábori and Veronika Gábori-Csánk, Katalin Simán, Katalin T .Bíró, Árpád Ringer, Zsolt Mester, Éva Balogh and Etelka Kövecses Varga appeared as new researchers in Hungarian Palaeolithic studies. Their activity attached new fields of sciences to Palaeolithic research, e.g. the raw material analysis of stone tools /Katalin T .Biró/, geoarchaeology /Árpád Ringer/ and the study of the technology of stone tool processing /Zsolt Mester/.