Borsodi Levéltári Évkönyv 2. (Miskolc, 1979)

Angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonatok

the school, the distribution of lessons and subjects. While analysing the history of the school it discloses the lack of unity between the academic teaching and the training on the job as a fundamental problem of professional training. The systematized academic teaching is opposed to the uncontrollable training on job, the carrying out of the latter being limited to the master of apprentices. It throws light upon the place of professional training in the struggle of the smaller industry against the developing manufacturing industry, as well as upon the manifestation of the same problem in the early labour movement.

Besides the difficulties in professional training a mention is made of the status of apprentices. It writes about the social and sanitary inadequacies of their way of life, the extent of their being exploited and their defencelessness, the spoiling of children at the age of 14 or so in body and spirit, the frequently occurring twenty-hour-working days and nightwork. It also writes about the limitedness in the opening of journeymen having suffered badly and served their apprenticeship with sad trials.

The Establishment of the Town-Orchestra in Miskolc and the Struggle for its Survival up to 1914

Mrs Gábor Varga

The economic and cultural life of Miskolc at the beginning of the century showed marked progress. The number of inhabitants was increasing, its industry and trade were prospering, it was being canalized and electrified, banking-houses were being built.

In its cultural life a determinant was the Educational and Museum Society of Borsod—Miskolc. The Society headed by Bertalan Balogh had won the talented, generous burgesses in Miskolc over to the cause of culture, and an active cultural life had been created with their help. They had been organizing the literary life and created an especially productive musical life, efficiently helping the development of fine arts, and had established the basis of today’s Herman Ottó Museum.

In the development of musical life the establishment by the town of the Municipal School of Music in 1901 was of capital importance. Its first headmaster, known all over the country, Ernő Lányi had laid the foundations for a productive musical life through his activity in Miskolc up to 1907.

With the help of the school of music the Society furnished a basis for the artistic orchestra, which was to serve as a basis for a philharmonic orchestra later on.

This effort was accompanied with successes and struggles and difficulties at the same time. In achieving these results the neighbouring Workers’ Symphonic Orchestra of Diósgyőr-Vasgyár and occasionally the 65th honvéds’ infantry regiment had always been a great help.

In the years after 1910 the efforts of the orchestra had been accompanied with such a success under the direction of the headmaster of the school of music, Gyula Szent-Gály, that they could appear as guests-artists on behalf of Miskolc in Kassa and Eperjes.

The Educational Society had organized the Musical Society of Upper Hungary, which had been the only undertaking for a society spreading classical music.

World War I brought all these remarkable efforts to an end overnight.

From this study readers can get acquainted with a so far little-known, attractive, music-loving side of Miskolc. In addition to this they are offered a brief survey of the orchestral art in Europe and in Hungary.

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