Bősz Attila (szerk.): A Nagy Háború és következményei a Dél-Dunántúlon - Baranyai Történelmi Közlemények 7. A Baranya Megyei Levéltár évkönyve, 2016 (MNL BaML Pécs, 2020)
Angol nyelvű összefoglalók
Summary culture (the production of potato, fruits, vegetables etc.). In the course of the war consumption diminished. Intervention by the state was extended to more and more branches of economy. In 1916 the bread-card appeared and subsequently ratio cards were introduced for the other basic victuals (flour, sugar, fat, meat etc.) and for the majority of other raw materials as well. Organizing public supply, distribution and the provision of food constituted a heavy burden for the city. As a consequence of poverty several public kitchens had to be set up in 1917-1918. Relief organizations played an important role in alleviating poverty. Undoubtedly the leadership of the city managed to solve the gravest problems, thus Pécs was spared by food shortage. Of course, the war found its beneficiaries, too, especially the enterprises that produced directly on state ordering, i. e, for the army. The end of the war did not coincide with that of the scale years, after all, in November 1918 Serbian troops occupied the city thereby prolonging difficulties for further 33 months. Imre Gábor Nagy The Fate of the POWs of the First World War in Pécs and Their Transporting Home There were no camps for prisoners of war in Pécs. In accord with the Agreements of the Hague the POWs who were no officers were allotted by the imperial and royal Ministry of War to work for the city, its factories or inhabitants. Three groups of labour units of POWs were differentiated: mobile, immobile ones and military labour units of prisoners of war. The mobile ones were employed in agriculture, forestry and public labour and were liable to being directed elsewhere if need arose. The immobile labour units of the prisoners of war worked primarily in industry, in special branches of industry, mines as well as immobile public labour and were handed over by the military authority to the employer with a contract. The militarily organized labour units of prisoners of war mainly worked in military plants (e.g. in weapon and ammunition production). The fate of POWs had common and differing features alike. What was common was the separation from their native country, the feeling of being isolated, the difficulties of alimentation, health and of other kind. The thoroughgoing research of the POWs underlines that there were considerable differences between their fates according to their employers and the work they were expected to do. In order to improve the quality of work some employers tried to make the POWs interested by improving their conditions, too. Also, civil and military authorities often viewed the POWs differently. The myth reflecting the public opinion of contemporaries does not correspond with reality. This myth maintains that the POWs had a good fate in Hungary. Although some of the employers tried to introduce methods of better provision of the 287
