Prékopa Ágnes (szerk.): Ars Decorativa 31. (Budapest, 2017)

Szabolcs KONDOROSY: Types of Smoking Pipe Widespread in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th Century in Connection with Archaeological Finds from Onetime Várad Cathedral (Budapest Museum of Applied Arts)

6. The distribution of the polished type pipe

(Varna and Tirnovo), but there are two examples from Vidin. Further away, in Hadri- anopolis (now Edirne), it becomes more significant. In Greece, a few pipes from Corinth are the only examples of the type.

In contrast with this overall mosaic, we know the distribution of the type in the Hódoltság in some detail. Such pipes make up a significant proportion of those from the south of the area, but only for the Ottoman period (up to 1686), so that the figures cannot be compared to those of Sofia. The proportions are 45% in Szeged, and 49% and 36% in Temesvár (now Timişoara).46 They were also permanently present, in smaller proportions, in the north of the Hódoltság. In accordance with this, in Várad only two pipes of the type have been found, and in different variants: one with flat facets and one with facets separated by edges/ribs. (Fig. 7)

There are modified forms of the type from the Croatian coast,47 Greece (Ath- ens-Kerameikos),48 France (Pomégues)49 and Spain (Barcelona).50 These have lost the distinctive red clay coating, which required sophisticated skills, and parts of the body have also changed, although some features, such as facets on the body, were clearly intended to imitate the original. The Kerameikos, Barcelona and Pomégues examples closely resemble each other, and their shared features lie far from the basic type: the form of wreaths, the stepped-rings, heads which have lost the sack shape, and strengthened collars. The Pomégues example has the unique feature of incised sunken facet contours rather than raised contours.

The type may have originated in Sofia,5' but the distribution equally suggests manufacture in the south of the Hódoltság and

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