Prékopa Ágnes (szerk.): Ars Decorativa 31. (Budapest, 2017)

Szabolcs KONDOROSY: Types of Smoking Pipe Widespread in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th Century in Connection with Archaeological Finds from Onetime Várad Cathedral (Budapest Museum of Applied Arts)

the keel shape where the shank connects to the bottom of the bowl. Their other distinguishing features were probably also novelties, but this cannot yet be definitely established. The long, faceted shank, the

but traces of them remain, helping to identify examples of which only fragments survive.

Examples of the type have been found on the territory of the Hódoltság and in

shank cross section

funnelshaped

stepped-ring

groove

under

wreath

text on shank

keel

chimney

text

Akkerman

octagonal

>

•

•

•

}

Silistra

octagonal

•

0

•

•

•

Babadag

octagonal

•

•

geometrical

pattern

•

Mytilene

octagonal

•

•

•

•

•

Istanbul

hexagonal and polygonal

0

•

•

•

0

Hasankeyf

round and angular

0

•

•

•

•

Crete

rounded

0

•

geometrical

pattern

•

}

Ramla

rounded

0

0

•

blunt

}

Table 1. Basic elements of the keel type forms on examples with the most distinctive features from certain find spots outside the Hódoltság (•=present, 0=absent, ?=uncertain)

funnel-shaped stepped-ring and a chimney that is narrower than the bowl, as if sitting on a saucer, appear on other types. The keel type must have been a model for these, in a way that will become clear when the chronology has been determined.

Recurring elements of versions found at geographically distant points may permit determination of the basic type (Table 1).

The most constant features of regional versions are the distinctive keel shape of the pipe bowl, the groove on the shank, the text band on the shank, and finally the long and faceted shank. These features go through variations in local developments,

Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Turkey, Israel and Crete. (Fig. 2)

Pure features of the basic type are known from Mytilene, on the Aegean coast of Turkey. Deficiencies in publication (only two out of eighteen examples have been published) are probably responsible for there being only one known example from there. As a whole, the type makes up 1% of all pipes found at that site.4 The examples found in Istanbul are represented by a single sketch, and the number of known examples is aggregated with two other types (58).5 Negative findings are also informative: the type is not mentioned among the

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