Szilágyi András (szerk.): Ars Decorativa 19. (Budapest, 2000)
Ildikó NAGY: Copies of Murals from Anak Tomb No. 3 in the Korean Collection of the Ferenc Hopp Museum of Eastern Asiatic Arts
tocracy in the typical Far Eastern sitting pose. A pleated drapery with a lotus flower on its peak and lotus buds in the two corners can be seen above his head. Two windbells are attached to the two outer corners of the drapery. The General wears a gown girdled with a red silk girdle band. This dress was worn only on ceremonial occasions. He wears a double head-gear, the lower part being black. The upper part looks like white gauzy horsehair gear. On each side of the low canopied couch two figures from his personal subjects can be seen standing. The chamberlain (Kor. gishil) and the chronicler (Kor. sosa) — perhaps a woman, according to her hair — stand on his right. The chancellor (Kor. munhabae) in kneeling posture holding military and court documents in his hand is referring to official matters on the left beside the ruler's symbol, while the official charged with the fulfillment of the instructions (Kor. songsa) is standing behind him. On the southern wall of the West Wing Chamber (Ground-Plan No. 5) the portrait of the General's spouse can be seen in profile (111. 14). She is seated also on a low decorated couch similar to that of the General in dignified pose in ceremonial dress. Two women with similar dresses and hairstyle stand on her right, the first of them holding a fan. A maiden on her right is holding an oval bronze censer before her Lady (111. 15). The Lady and the two aristocratic attendants wear the so-called „towcring and floating cloud frisure" (Kor. gogyee unhwan-mori). The portrait of the General's spouse is more individualized and vitalized than that of the General. Her oval face differs from the more roundish Chinese faces seen in the ceremonial procession. The pictures with the portraits of the couple symbolize the respect for the spirits of theancestors, thus giving an air of a home shrine (Kor. honján) to the West Wing Chamber. The inner eastern wall (GroundPlan No. 4) and the northern wall of the West Wing Chamber (Ground-Plan No. 7) are intact. The commander of the body guards (Kor. janghadok) was painted on the wall nearest to the entrance of the West Wing Chamber (Ground-Plan No. 8). He wears a mounted girdle similar to the one excavated from „The Golden Crown Tomb" (Kor. Kumgwan-ch 'ong) of the Silla Dynasty. Eight-petal lotus flower decoration (Kor. jungphan yonhwa) has survived on the ceilings of these two chambers and these ones are considered to be the earliest Chinese-type lotus flowers to have survived from the tombs with murals from the Koguryo period 8 . The Sun and the Moon are depicted as concentric circles on the ceiling of the Antechamber. The headers of the stone pillars bear painted demonic faces while the elements constituting the ceiling are painted with stylized cloud motifs (Kor. unmun) (111. 16). The structure of Tongsu's Tomb demonstrates the elements of the Chinese burial architecture of the time and it had influence on the later Koguryo tombs of the rulers and aristocrats, as the northern Koguryo Kingdom had been extending southwards on the Korean Peninsula. For example, the lanternceiling construction 9 that had been first applied in Tongsu's Tomb, became a typical architectural speciality of the later Koguryo tombs with murals. More than eighty-two Koguryo period tombs with murals have been excavated on the Korean Peninsula up to now. Tong-su's Tomb is considered to be the first one among them both in time and in the richness of decoration. As its influence on Koguryo tombs with murals is indisputable, let us have a look at the Koguryo tombs, too. KOGURYO The northernmost kingdom of the Korean Three Kingdoms (Kor. Sam Guk), Koguryo (37 B.C. - 668 A.D.) was
