Szilágyi András (szerk.): Ars Decorativa 14. (Budapest, 1994)

KELÉNYI Béla: Panydzsara Mahákála. Egy tibeti Tekercskép a Delmár-gyűjteményből

NOTES 1. Inv. No.: L. 63, size: 126x75 cm (outer), 64x45 cm (inner). 2. In 1944, among a number of items from Emil Delmár's collection, seven Oriental pictures were transferred to Budapest's Museum of Fine Arts (Document No.: 159/1944, Museum of Fine Arts). Later, in March 1949, these Oriental pictures were given over to the Museum of Applied Arts, Budapest (Acta ad 38/1949, Ferenc Hopp Museum of Eastern Asiastic Arts). 3. Szmodisné Eszlári, Eva: Európai szobrászat, szerzemények Delmár Emil gyűjteményéből. (European sculpture, acquisitions from the Emil Delmár Collection). Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, 1986. Catalogue. 4. A budapesti amateur gyűjtemények kiállításának lajstroma (List for the exhibition of items in Budapest amateur collections). Budapest, 1907; Csányi, Káwly-Felvinczi Takács. Zoltán (eds.): Keleti Művészeti Kiállítás (Exhibition of Oriental Art). Budapest, 1929; Felvinczi Takács, Zoltán: Hopp Ferenc Emlékkiállítás (Ferenc Hopp Commemorative Exhibition). Budapest, 1933. 5. Kiállítások, kiállítók, 1908-1913 (Exhibition list for the 1907 exhibition). Museum of Applied Arts, Budapest, p. LV., inv. no. of the item: 234. 6. For the legend of its origin, see Snellgrove, D. L. Skorupski, T.: The Cultural Heritage of Ladakh, vol. 2, Warminster, 1980, pp. 99-100. 7. Monier-Williams, M.: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford, 1964, p. 575. 8. Tucci, G.: Indo-Tibetica, vol. IV/

1. New Delhi, 1989, pp. 124-125 9. Stoddard, H.: A Stone Sculpture of mGur mGonpo, Mahakala of the Tent, Dated 1292. In: Oriental Art, vol. XXXI, no 3. (autumn 1985), pp. 278-282. 10. Pal, P.: The Lord of the Tent in Tibetan Paintings. In: Pantheon, vol. XXXV, April/May/June 1977, pp. 97-102. 11. Essen, G-W.-Thingo. T. T.: Die Götter des Himalaya. München. 1989. vol 2. 180-181. 12. Tucci, op. cit., pp. 122-132. 13. Sädhana-mälä of the Panchen Lama, Yi dam rgya mtsho '/' sgruh thabs rin chen 'byung gnas kyi lhan thabs rin 'byung don gsal. Part 2. reproduced by Lokesh Chandra, Sata-Pitaka Series, vol. 211. New Deihi, 1974, pp. 535-551. 14. Nebesky-Wojkowitz, R. de: Oracles and Demons of Tibet. S-Gravenhage, 1956, pp. 49-51, Tibetan source work no. 157, p. 598. 15. Nebesky-Wojkowitz, R. de: Ibid. pp. 49-50. 16. Sädhana-mälä of the Panchen Lama, Part 2, Ibid. 535.4-538.2. 17. Essen-Thingo, op. cit., vol. I. p. 209. 18. For the origin of their name, see Tucci, op. cit., pp. 123-124. 19. Concerning this, see Jackson. D. P.: The Identification of Individual Teachers in Paintings of Saskya-pa Lineaga. In: Indo-Tibetan Studies, Buddhica Britannica, Series Continua II, ed. by Skorupski, T., The Institute of Buddhist Studies, Tring, U. K., 1990, pp. 129-144. 20. Gur mgon lha brgyad kyi rje s gnang ngag 'don. In: Sa skya pa'i bka" 'bum, vol. 9, Tokyo, 1968, p. 330.4.6. 21. Jackson, op. cit., p. 136. 22. Essen-Thingo, op. cit., vol. II, p. 180-181. 23. A similar iconographical depiction can be found in the Cakrasamvara series. In: L. Chandra: Buddhist Iconography. New Delhi, 1991, p. 476. Illustration 1384. 24. The present writer saw an identified picture supplied with a similar attribute in Dharamsala, during a study tour in India in 1993, in the collection of Pema Jungney, representative of the Sakya order in the Tibetan parliament. 25. The mantra of Panjara Mahakala can be seen in a similar arrangement on the back of a picture depicting a Sakya lama. In: Cat. Sotheby's Indian Himalayan and South-East Asian Art, London, Thursday, 1

1 October 1990, pp. 30-33. 26. For a detailed exposition of its meaning, see Gyatso, G. K.: Guide to Dakini Land. London, 1991. pp. 159-160. 27. Chandra, op. cit., p. 333. Illustration 890. 28. Chandra, L.: Ibid. p. 338, Illustration 905. 29. „Whatever events arise from a cause, the Tathagata has told the cause thereof, and the great ascetic also has taught their cessation as well." This formula, which is the so-called Verse of Dependent Origination, is used as a mantra in consecration to hold deities in position. In: Beyer. S.: Magic and Ritual in Tibet. The Cult of Tara. Delhi, 1988, p. 146. ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Panjara Mahakala and his entourage, Eastern Tibet, 18th century 2. Panjara Mahakala 3. Kämadhätvis'vara, the yaksa and yaksi and the three ,,Mon children" 4. Vajradhara and the lineage of Sakya lamas 5. The reverse side of the picture, with lantsa written seed syllables and text and the hand printing