Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION Among the examined 70 persons 15 (21.43%) had both skulls and postcranial bones. In 23 cases (32.86%) only skulls were available while 32 persons (45.71%) were represented only by postcranial bones (Tables 1, 2). There are 27 (38.57%) males, 17 (24.29%) females and 26 (37.14%) undeterminable skeletons in this series. ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS According to the mean-values, the brain-cases of the males are long, medium wide and medium high. By the indices they are dolichocranic (7 skulls are hyperdolichocranic), chamaecranic (5 skulls are hyperchamaecranic), metriocranic and metriometopic. Facial skeletons have the following characteristics: medium wide zygomatic arc, medium bizygomatic breadth. Faces are high (there were only 3 measurable skulls: 1 skull is very high, 2 are medium high), upper faces are medium high. Orbits are medium wide and medium high. Nasal apertures are medium wide and high. According to the calculated indices facial skeletons are leptoprosopic, mesen. Orbits are mesoconch, noses are leptorrhine, palates are mesostaphyline (Table 3). The brain-cases of the females are very long (2 skulls are medium long, 2 are long and 2 are very long), medium wide and low (3 are low - very low but 1 skull is very high). By the indices they are dolichocranic (1 skull is hypercranic, the others are dolichocranic - hyperdolichocranic), chamaecranic. Two groups can be separated according to the breadth-height index: one group is hypertapeinocranic tapeinocranic, an other group is acrocranic - hyperacrocranic. It is the same by the transversalfrontoparietal index: there is a stenometopic and an eurymetopic group. Facial skeletons are characterized by narrow zygomatic arcs with narrow bizygomatic breadth. In one case the face is very low, in other case it is medium high (there are only two measurable skulls). The upper faces are medium high. Orbits are narrow, low. Noses are narrow, medium high. Facial skeletons are hypereuryprosopic - leptoprosopic (the number of cases was 2), lepten (but 1 skull is hypereuryen). Orbits are mesoconch, noses are mesorrhine (there are opposed groups), palates are mesostaphyline (Table 3). The individual measurements of males are summarized in Table 4, those of females in Table 5. In evaluating morphological marks, the majority of the male skulls' circumferences is ovoid (42.9%) in norma verticalis, but I have found a significant number of byrsoid skulls (35.7%). Glabella is especially markedly developed. Degree 5 is the most frequent. Protuberantia occipitalis externa is weak in one group of skulls (degree 2) and expressively strong in the other group (degree 4). Processus mastoideus is markedly developed. Spina nasalis anterior is strongly developed. On the lower edge of apertúra piriformis sulcus praenasalis can be observed at 80%. Fossa canina is shallow. Alveolar prognathy is moderate or expressed in the same ratio. At 75% of males there is no abrasion or it has just begun (Table 6). Female skulls' circumference in norma verticalis is rhomboid at 50%. Glabella and arcus superciliaris are weakly developed, mostly belong to degrees 1 and 0. Processus mastoideus is very small. Spina nasalis anterior is visible only in some cases, these are medially developed. The lower edge of apertúra piriformis was detectable on 3 skulls. Sulcus praenasalis can be observed in all cases. Half of the skulls presented very shallow fossae caninae while the other half of them displayed deep ones. Alveolar prognathy is moderate or expressed in equal rate. Abrasion of teeth is expressively slender (Table 6). On the average stature of males is tall medium according to the method both of Pearson and Breitinger (Table 3). Stature of females is medium by the process of Pearson and tall medium after Bach (Table 3). I was able to calculate the stature of 12 male and 3 female skeletons. Individual measurements of males and females are summed up in Table 7.