Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

became stressed from the beginnings of the Early Iron Age under the effects of the ancient Iranian Sauramato-Sarmatian ethnic environment. The ethnohistorical role of Illyrians, inhabiting the Central Danubian region in the Early Metallic period was outlined by archaeological and toponymie data. Morphological peculiarities infiltrated the Carpathian Basin with the movement of Celtic tribes from the West-Alp Belt that is from the hypothesized region of the formation of the Alpine race. Data originating with antic Roman epigraphies (L. Barkóczi, A. Mócsi) attest an Illyr-Celtic substrata which was present in the basic contingent of the population of antic Transdanubia in mutual contact with the East-Alpine regions (i. e. the areal of the Noric ). The presence of words of French, Provencal, Italian and German origin in the Hungarian language (G. Bárczi) reflect the contacts which existed during the first half of the 2nd millennium A D. No less important is the fact that the Conquering Hungarians assimilated ethnic elements not only from the Saltovo Mayatskoe culture but some of the East-Slavians, too (J. Perényo, I. Erdélyi, A N. Moskalenko). The examination of craniological series originating with the Central Danubian historic population of the Arpadian age, indicated a multiple intermingling conditioned by different social and natural events (the invasion of Batu Khan's hordes in the 13th century - the Osman occupation of our country in the 16-17th centuries - epidemics in the 13-15th centuries). Keeping in mind the anthropological composition of the living population of Hungary the regrouping of the population in the 18th century from western Transdanubia and from the zone of Palóc to the eastern Transdanubia and to the Danube-Tisza interfluvial, further to the southeastern parts of the Trans-Tisza Plain (L. Benkő) can be considered especially significant. In all these regrouping not only Hungarians but Germans, Croatians and Slovaks. Considering the general ethnogenetic consolidation of the Hungarian people the controversion will be clearly manifested between the somatological and areal-linguistic data. Thus in the areal of the western dialect not only the north-western somatologic trait-complex of the Hungarian males can be detected but that one of the south-western complex, too. In the area of the central anthropological complex one can find the areas of the Tisza as well as that of the north-eastern and Palóc dialects, too (B. Kálmán). The boundaries of the four dialects of the Hungarian language do not coincide with ones of the three regional complexes diagnosed by the author on the basis of the somatological traits of Hungarian people. EPILOGUE Having investigated somatological, paleo- and neurocraniological materials of living and historical populations of Hungary and compared them with the anthropological data belonging to some regions of the Eurasic continent the following conclusions can be drawn. 1. According to the values of the somatoscopic index in the anthropological composition of the main etnogeographical subdivisions of the Hungarian males the Mongoloid component seems to be present only in an insufficient quantity. On the whole taxonomic position of recent Hungarians is closely connected with the various components of the Europoid race-stock. All this is supported by the data obtained from ethnic odontology and dermatoglyphics. 2. On the contrary to former opinions the elements of the Mongoloid great-race wereas exceedingly insignificant in the composition of the historic populations of the 2nd millennium A. D. as in the composition of Conquering Hungarians as well as in that one of the Avar Khaganat, too. On the basis of a wide-ranging comparison of the data there is no doubt that different ethnic groups of Avars immigrated into the Central Danubian Basin in preponderant majority they bore characters of the Europoid great race. In addition it cannot be suppressed that in certain individual cases belonging to the Avar Khaganat, the Mongoloid type sometimes was present in such a clearly expressed form as among living Mongols and