Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 20. Budapest, 1988)

TAXONOMICAL ANALYSIS The analysis of the primary taxonomical characteristics of Fészerlak has been publish ed in a former paper of mine (FOTHI in print). This paper presents the analysis of the secondary taxonomical characters of our series. It has been carried out on the basis of LIPTÁK's works (1954, 1965, 1969). It was possible to analyse 48 skulls (32 males and 16 females).We took into consideration the stature calculated according to the PEARSON'S method. The following groups were found in the series: 1. Mediterranean group: this type is characteristic for the whole cemetery, especially the females. Mediterranean characters are ascertained more or less on 14 female skulls. They can be clearly seen on the female skulls of Nos. 1 1, 14, 43, 48, 50, 59, 71, 74, 87. These characters are mixed with the Cromagnoid ones (Nos. 98, 114 females) and some unidentified elements (Nos. 124, 172). Among the males 8 individuals belong to the Mediterranean group (Nos. 37, 49, 68, 70, 100, 120A, 126, 129). This type occurs mixed with the Nordoid type in 7 cases (Nos. 8, 17, 108, 122, 132, 149, 154) and some unidentified elements in one case (No. 156). 2. Cromagnoid group: this type is clearly represented only in men. Man No. 57 is Cromagnoid-A, No. 136 is Cromagnoid-B. Mostly Cromagnoid-like with other elements are No. 97: Cromagnoid-Mediterranean, Nos. 102, 113 and 121: Cromagnoid-Nordoid, No. 205: Cromagnoid- Mongoloid. 3. Nordoid group: typical Nordoid characters were represented by 3 males (Nos. 2, 9, 44). The skulls of males Nos. 15 and 45 are also Nordoid mixed with other taxa (N-x). On the skull of the male No. 142 moderate Mongoloid influence (N-Mo) can be observed. 4. Brachycranial group: two male (Nos. 88A, 116) and two female (Nos. 110, 161) skulls belong to this type. In summarizing the results of taxonomical analysis it can be stated that the part of the cemetery of Fészerlak uncovered so far was the graveyard of an 8th century Europoid population. The series comprised mostly dolichocranial elements, first of all, the Mediterranean type. The percentual distribution is as follows: Mediterranean group: 62. 5% Cromagnoid 16. 6% Nordoid " 12.5% Brachycranial " 8. 3% Mongoloid elements faintly occurred in the case of males Nos. 142 and 205. It is worth noting that there is a definite sexual dimorphism as for taxonomical type. Only 2 of the 16 examinable females did not exhibit Mediterranean features. While on the males not only the Mediterranean but some other types were also found. We believe that this interesting problem will be solved only after the whole of the cemetery will have been excavated. In comparing the results of the two taxonomical analyses we may conclude that the Mon goloid influence was perceptible in more cases when applying the primary taxonomical analysis than the secondary one. It is evident that the facial flatness analysis is a suitable way to analyse the face region. We can detect with it fine variances of microevolution expending on a small area of the face. On the other hand, there were several graves which contained face skeletons suitable for detailed examination and fragmentary brain-cases and long bones. In these cases only the primary taxonomical analysis could be applied.