Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Historico-anthropological studies (Anthropologia Hungarica 9/1-2. Budapest, 1970)
to be found in the southern wing. The three individuals showing rather severe pathological changes (Graves 40, 74, 75) had also been interred in this latter section. As shown in Tabl'e 16, the average age at death of the two groups also differs in the case of males by four,in the case of females by nine, years against that prevailing in the southern wing. (Thi3 considerable difference in the average ages at death of the females might also be ascribable to the fact that there were found 15 females in the southern but only 9 in the northern wing. The proportion of the males between the two wings of the cemetery is even.) It is not impossible, however, that the somewhat lower average age at death of the individuals interred in the southern wing is a direct consequence of their possibly more disfavourable social conditions, and probably this is also the cause wha there appear the pathological anomalies and trephinations among the dead of this wing. The circumstance of object material having been buried in fewer cases with the dead in the southern wing might also refer to eventually less favourable social conditions. Let us see now the evidence of serological and chemico-analytical investigations with respect to the differences between the two groups. The blood group frequencies of the two groups were tabulated in Table 17 by I. LENGYEL. As is to be seen, the occurrence of blood group AB is ex. elusive, and that of blood group A is higher, in the southern wing; blood group 0 on the other hand is higher in the northern wing. However, the differences are mathematically not significant. According to the chemico-analytical investigations, there occur more pathological cases (osteoporosis ,osteomalatia ) among the dead of the western wing, but the difference (4-12 : 1.00) is again not significant. However, this datum well complements the observations made macroscopically on the pathological anomalies and trephinations ,as well as the data of average age at death. , If it be answered now in how far the differences appearing between the two groups could be interpreted in regard of the entirely of the population, we can rely merely on inferences. One might assume an ethnic difference between the two groups. In this case the respective phenomena may be explained by the more distinguished conquerors arriving from the east having been buried mainly in the northern wing of the cemetery, whereas the southern one was reserved preponderantly to the surrendered local population. However, this assumption is contradicted on the one hand by the fact that the entirety of the population at Kál appears to be comparatively homogeneous, that is, nor overly intermixed, and on the other by the finding that trepanation, a custom whose appearance in the area of Hungary at the beginning of the tenth century is in all probability (at least according to archeological data) referable to the conquerors, occurs only in the dead of the southern wing. Finally, the entire burial usage and order, namely the existence of a separate right and left
