Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Paleoanthropological studies (Anthropologia Hungarica 8/1-2. Budapest, 1968)
Evaluation and comparison of the skeletal hones In working up the skeletal hones, I measured only the so-called long hones since, owing to their strongly fragmentary state, no other hones could he adequately assessed. The skeletal hones of merely 15 males and 3 females were suitable for analysis, I was compelled to use different approaches in working up the male and female skeletons because while I considered the values of only those bones in the males which allowed measurements in pairs (right and left sides) - and thus calculated the means and variations on the basis of these values - but having a considerably smaller amount of data available in the female series, I examined separately and individually the long bones of both the right and left sides. Accordingly, the mean values of the females appear slightly distorted in the course of evaluation. The interpretation of the male series, according to the means of the Indices, is as follows (Table 8): The right side mean value of the 7:1 length-width index of the humerus is 20,6, that of the left side 20,4; they indicate a medium strong robusticity. The robusticity index of the femur is weak for both the right and the left sides, therefore there is no pilaster as its value is below 100. Similarly, the platymery index is eurymeric, medium round, implying small muscular strength. This index is the most suitable to demonstrate sexual dimorphism, because the femoral bone of the females is considerably flatter than that of the males. The cnemic index 9/a:8/a is, according to the grading given by MANOUVRIE and VERNAU, strongly round (eurycnemic ). The measurements of the female long bones are presented without evaluation, owing to the small number of cases, In the corresponding Table (Table 8). No examination according to the „sigma ratio" method was made,because HOWELLS had not published any „mean sigma" values for the long bones. As regards asymmetry in the long bones of the males ,inferences should be made rather prudently (owing to the small number - fifteen pairs in the average - of the cases), yet it can be stated that the right side lower arms are generally longer and more robust than the left side ones; similarly, the right side femora are longer and stronger than those of the left side. Both asymmetries are natural, since manual work is more exerting on the right arm and , accordingly , weight during work falls on the right leg. By the application of WOLANSKI's nomogram, the stature of 25 males and 8 females could be calculated from the measurements of the long bones. The 164,7 cm body height of the males is a medium value, with a variation of 6,53 cm; the stature of 156,8 cm of the females is large medium, with a variation of 7,70 cm. (Height assessed according to MARTIN'S categories.) The S R value of stature In the males is 112,1, in the females 132,8. These values refer to a definite heterogeneity. (It should not be forgotten that the S R size of the females is based on HOWELLS's „mean sigma" value for the males,hence the actual rate of heterogeneity in the females is greater than 132,8.) The comparison of the long bones was made on the basis of only the male data. Of the series from the Árpád Age suitable for comparison only some few materials have been evaluated in detail with respect to the long bones. Among the series compared,the evaulation of the right and left extremities is available of a single
