Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Etudes d'anthropologie historique concernant le bassin du Danube moyen (Anthropologia Hungarica 7/1-2. Budapest, 1966)

females attain senium above 60 years of age seems to prove their greater vitality. On the basis of the above data one might safely infer that the settlement under discussion could, at a givel time, not have been large but delimited to merely a few families, since the high mortality of infants and the rather high rate of death of women in the reproductional period had considerably restricted the increase of the community. /With some reservations, I put forth the assumption that the above ratios will not change even when the data of those buried by cremational rites are drawn into the sphere of inquiry. I had namely identified, in some cases, the sex of the cremated bones, and I found both males and females. However, due to the inherent uncertainties, I desisted from submitting these data in details. Burying rituals oould, in any case, have meant merely social differences and never biological ones (in this age!), excepting perhaps taxonomical problems eventually connected with social stratification./ A general characterization of the population A summary characterization of the totality of a human population is an extremely hard task, and it may seem also slightly artificial if one takes into consideration that the several characteristics: measurements, indices, morphologioal features, do not show - due to the variability of the individual - the theoretically expectable ideal correlation even for one individuum. This same fact simultaneously renders more diffloult a determination of the individual type. Still, it is individuals which have to be compared to each other within a population; groups removed from one another both in time and space can, however, be related only on the basis of general characteristics. The solution of the seeming contradiction found above will be attempted by the submission of the individual descriptions, a summary characterization of the frequency of the general characteristics in the present chapter, and the attempt concerning the subdividing of the metric-morphological character-groups in the next chapter. Aside of some cases,the population is characterized by the gracile stature. The skeletal frame is light and finely shaped, and yet the surfaces of musoular attachment are well formed and expressed. The compact substance covering the spongiosa is thin /hence the epiphysial ends and the flat bones were severely damaged/. Stature can be determined in a few cases only, but, by a visual observation, it semms that, besides a small athletic group of tall stature /their state of preservation is also better/, the majority of the population is of medium stature. The index values /Table XVI/ and morphosoopic picture of the long bones imply a gracile but well constructed, rather mesomorphio, stature. Sexual dimorphism is not too expressed.The females also display slight masculine features, while the masculine characters are not very expressed in the males. In the sexuallzation grading /from 0 to +2, male; from 0 to -2, female/, as given by ÉRY, NEMESKÉRI, KRALOVÁNSZKY, both sexes show a higher frequency around the zero value. A higher grade of sexuallzation are shown in both sexes by a few individuals only. The bones of the brain case is thin /except for the athletic subgroup/, and the faoial skull is gracile. On the brain case,the sutures are generally simple, strongly open on the external surface. The medium long-long skull shape dominates in the metric values; a short skull occurs rather in the males. Leptocephaly is the most frequent. The brain case is medium high; there is a shift toward the lower values in the females.