Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Etudes d'anthropologie historique concernant le bassin du Danube moyen (Anthropologia Hungarica 7/1-2. Budapest, 1966)
eettliig in the Carpathian Basin, ensconoed itself, aside of Transylvania, primarily on the Plains, where extensive cemeteries had later been excavated /Tápiószentmárton, Zöldhalompuszta, Gyoma, Tápiószele, Szentes-Vekerzug/. The xefjenoe of the Scythians can be demonstrated for at least three centuries in ungary. Their archeological relict material is very rich, whereas our knowledge of their human populations is rather meagre. Concerning burial, the frequentest method in the early Scythian period involved the strewn-cremation custom. However, skeletal burial forms are also known. The Scythians settling in Hungary had not extirpated the indigenous population living here at the end of the early Iron Age, but settled on it, that is, ooexisted with it. This coexistence with the indigenous population resulted in the reciprocal influence of their cultures on each other, and beyond this, it led also to the rapprochement of their manners and religious views. The diverse burial rites appearing among the Scythians of the Plains had probably evolved by the effects of the burial customs of the autochthonous population. The reign of the Scythians in the territory of Hungary came to an end by the migration of the Celts /6,20/. Material and methods On the human findings of the cemetery ,only the skeletal material was worked up. The ratio of skeletal and cremated graves of the cemetery is 108:72. Thus our statements refer merely to about 66 per cent of the population under discusBion. The state of preservation of the material is medium; it was especially the facial skeleton of the skulls and the epiphyses of the skeletal bones which had deteriorated, to be explained, besides the time factor and the preparing processes /excavation, washing, drying/, by the gracile state of the entire skeleton and its strong decomposition. The metrio data had been obtained by MARTIN'S /15/ prescriptions and numbering. Individual data are oontained in Tables II, III, V, VI. Measurements rendered index values /Tables IV, VII/; the more important absolute measurements /Table IX/ and indices /Tables X, XI/ are grouped according to frequenoy. Of the individual measurements, the following parameters were calculated: number of case /N/, arithmetic mean /M/, square of dispersion /s 2 /» variance /s/, variational latitude /V/. By HOWELL' s /22/ formula, I calculated the „Blgma ratio" /S.R./ values from the means. The data of the parameters are given in Table VIII. The determination of age was made by the technique of NEMESKÉRI and HARSÁNYI /17/, that of sex by the method of ÉRY, NEMESKÉRI, and KRALOVÁNSZKY /5/. Skulls suitable for photographing were photographed in 4 normB, at a magnification of 0,25? the figures are given on Plates 1-14. In the individual descriptions, the following data are given,in their order of sequence: Grave number. Inventory number. State of preservation of finding. Sex, age. Absolute length,breadth of brain case; the calculated index. Shape of skull in norma verticalia. Height of brain case? length-height, breadth-height indices. Shape of brain case in norma occipitalis and norma temporalis. Calculated skull capacity according to Welcker. Temporal breadth.
