Amerikai Magyar Szó, 1982. július-december (36. évfolyam, 26-49. szám)
1982-11-11 / 42. szám
Thursday, Nov. 11. 1982. AMERIKAI MAGYAR SZO 11 AZ IDŐSEK TÁPLÁLKOZÁSA Ma az idős koruakkal sokan es sokfeleképpen foglalkoznak, de a helyes táplálkozásról magának a tisztes korban lévőnek es családtagjainak kell gondoskodni és nem árt időnként áttekinteni, hogy az mennyiben felel meg az életkori sajátosságoknak. Az idősebbek életviteléhez ugyanis elengedhetetlen - bár sok esetben kevesebb táplálékot kíván a szervezet -> hogy a szükséges tápanyagokból kellő mennyiségű es minőségű jusson a szervezetbe. Tapasztalatok szerint a táplálékigény nem marad el lényegesen a fiatalabb felnőttekétől, de a kor haladásával a táplálékfelvétel mindig kisebb lesz. A fő tápanyagokból - főzelék, gyümölcs, hús, tejtermék - kellő mennyiséget kell juttatni a szervezetbe, mert ezekkel sok fehérje, vitamin, vas és kálium kerül a sejtekbe. Óvakodni kell a túl zsíros ételektől, de az is veszélyes lehet, ha a vaj, olaj, baromfizsir hiányzik az étrendből, mert az A- D- és a K- vitamin csak zsírok jelenlétében válik hatékonnyá. Fontos az étrendbe iktatni minimális mennyiségű emészthetetlen növényi eredetű anyagokat, mert ezek hiánya gyakran okoz gyomor,- bélmüködési zavarokat. Ezzel magyarázható az oly gyakori székrekedés. Emésztési panaszokkal járhat a gyomor sósav- és emésztónedv-elválasztásanak csökkenése is. A fogak meglazulása komoly gond, egyik oka lehet a felhalmozódó fogkő, a másik pedig az iny sorvadása. Az utóbbinak a jele, hogy a támasztó szövetek fájdalmassá válnak, majd elhalnak. Ha a fog kihull és nem pótolják idejében, károsan hat az emésztőrendszerre. A rágószervek elégtelen működése esetén a pépes táplálékot kell előnyben részesíteni. Ilyenek a gyümölcs és zöldség alapú bébiételek, rostos ivólevek. A tejes., húsos, májas zöldségpürék, akár önálló ételként, akár tojással vagy túróval dúsítva napi egy-két étkezést is ki tudnak elégíteni. Az évek múlásával csökken az izek és a szagok iránti érzékenység, ezért nagyobb mérvű inger kell,mint a fiatalabbaknál. Az étvágy kiváltásánál tehát az Ízletességre jobban kell ügyelni. Nem szabad megfeledkezni arról, hogy az étrendben minél kevesebbet és csak a legszükségesebbet változtassuk. Lényeges, hogy e^y-egy alkalommal a különböző ételekből ne fogyasszunk túl nagy mennyiseget. Naponta, jól elosztva^ legalább öt étkezés legyen nyugodt és kényelmes körülmények kozott. A zöldségfélék fogyasztása minden főétkezésnél ajánlott, a napi szükséglet legalább 4 oz. A puhított aszalt gyümölcsök, a frissen préselt gyümölcslevek és a gyümölcsös túrós ételek igen jelentősek. A cukrot minimálisra kell csökkenteni, hiszen a mézben, süteményekben, lekvárban^ limonádéban stb. bőségesen van. A kielégítő mennyiségű folyadék felvételére mindig törekedni kell. Korlátozásra nincs szükség, naponta akár két üveg is lehet. A tápanyagszükséglet ismereten alapuló táplálkozást már fiatal korban kell kialakítani, mert ez a legfontosabb megelőző lépés az egészséses öregkor felé. Dr. Soproni László TERJESSZE LAPUNKAT Hungary Reaps Harvest Of Its Showplace Farms MÓR, Hungary, Oct. 13 — Day after day, tractors pulling wagons laden with shining silver-green grapes chug along the roads in and around this village of 13,000 in the hills west of Budapest. The harvest is under way at the Mor state farm, and the news here and elsewhere in Hungary is good: once again. Eastern Europe’s most successful fanning country will have bumper crops. While Poland and Rumania and the Soviet Union struggle with food shortages, Hungary’s wheat yield will approach 14 million tons, just shy of the 1980 record, and its vineyards, such as the one here, will make possible one of the highest levels of wine production in this country in recent years. Rich soil, especially in the Danube plain, plays its part, of course, and so does the native talent and industry of the Hungarian peasant. Then, too, the bureaucrats in Budapest have avoided, some of the mistakes of their colleagues in other Communist countries: despite the recession, Hungary kept importing spare parts for farm machinery. This was not the case in Czechoslovakia, where the wheat harvest was spoiled this fall because the inevitable breakdowns of combines could not be fixed in time. But the most important factor in Hungary’s continuing agricultural success story, analysts here agree, is the variety and flexibility that has been encouraged by the Government of Janos Kadar. Pal Tressler, an agricultural economist who heads the big Petőfi farm cooperative at Dunavarsany, south of Budapest, says that the Government has for a quarter of a century “provided a stable political atmosphere in which Hungarian agriculture could flourish.” Putting the same idea into blunter words, he added, “Everyone, including Kadar, keeps his nose out of agriculture.” Important for Two Reasons The health of Hungarian farming is important for two reasons in helping to maintain a much higher standard of living here than elsewhere in Eastern Europe. Despite adverse price trends, foodstuffs account for about a quarter of total exports, and tney earn hard currencies. The Baboina state farm sells chickens to the Middle East, Mor sells wine in vast quantities to the Swedish alcohol monopoly, and Hungarian Salamis show up i shops in New York, Paris and Lon avs. “The farms ire our safety net,” says András Suga Hungary’s top television journalist, “industrial sales are terrible this yea but we can still sell our wheat and nv.it for hard currency.” Perhaps even more significant is Hungary’s ability to keep its own population well-fed — a key element in a country where good eating is a tradition — creating a sense of well-being and political satisfaction. Lines outside food stores, so common in Moscow, Bucharest and Warsaw, are unknown in Budapest. Hungarians grumble constantly Janos Kadar Reprinted from the N.Y.Times. about high prices, out the grumbling is good-natured, and whatever deprivations they suffer tend to take the form of inaccessible luxuries. The recent price rises, Western economists calculate, have caused genuine hardship for less than 10 percent of the population. Maria Kovács, 58 years old, is a typical case. From her pension (Hungarian women retire at 55), from part-time work as a telephone operator and from her two sons and daughter-in-law, who share her apartment, she has a monthly income of about $235. She says that “a couple of rolls, a piece of sausage and one or two other things come to 100 forints” — about $2.65 — “and then you can’t afford any more.” But the family — Mrs. Kovács is divorced — manages to eat well. The only things it denies itself on a daily basis are beer, wine and soft drinks. The Soviet Union, one of Hungary’s best customers for fruits, vegetables and poultry, has watched what has been happening here with not a little envy. Leonid I. Brezhnev, the Soviet leader, has told other Eastern European countries that they should study Hungarian methods, and this summer big delegations of farming experts from the Soviet Union and Poland toured the country. A handful of purely private farms still exist in Hungary, and there are 130 state farms such as the one at Mor, where the Government owns the land. But the biggest share of the land — more than 70 percent—is tilled by 1,360 cooperatives, which range in size from 50 to more than 60,000 acres. Besides owning a share of the common land, members of the cooperatives have the right to private plots of land of a little more than an acre. Although small, these have proved to be the most efficient means of producing certain commodities, accounting for 40 percent of the national poultry output and 60 percent of the national production of pork. At some cooperatives only a minority of the members actually work on the common land. The rest, under a new system introduced recently, make small items — beer pumps, hatchet handles, plastic dog bones — that big state industries find it uneconomic to produce. The various activities complement each other. Small manufacturing projects provide money for agricultural investment and insurance against poor harvests caused by adverse weather. Similarly, the cooperative sells breeding stock and fodder to the individual plot-holders, who can then choose whether to market fattened animals themselves or sell them back to the cooperative, which will do the marketing for them. Innovation has also come in recent months to the state farms, some of which are considered by Western experts to be notably well-run. At Mor the work on a 10,006-acre spread that was assembled from 314 small farms is done by 790 employees, including 32 academically trained agronomists. They are paid a salary and, if there is a profit, as much as a full month’s extra salary at the end of the year. In addition to wine, which is bottled on the farm, Mor produces wheat and fruit. Up-to-date farm equipment, somé of it made in Hungary and some of it imported from Eastern and Western Europe or the United States, makes it possible to do many farm chores with mini, mum labor. But, until this year, the blackberry harvest has presented a difficult problem every fall, because it does not easily lend itself to mechanization. X The solution was arrived at by leasing the right to pick the berries to a group of employees and selling the fruit back to the state at a prearranged price. After the cost of the lease had been deducted, as well as a fee for the use of state equipment, the 125 workers made profits ranging from $550 to $1,100 apiece for their efforts. “With the manpower we had available,” said Zoltán Velez, the burly farm manager, who has just returned from a trip to the American Middle West, “it would have taken us a month to harvest the berries. A lot of them would have spoiled. But these people mobilized their relatives and friends — about 2,000 people in all — and they did the job in three days. “Both partners, the state and the workers, got a good deal, and we are looking for ways to extend the system.” Mr. Velez, who thinks competition is a good thing, has a private plot of Ms own, and along with five friends grows grapes that go into wine that competes with the state farm’s products. It is a good arrangement, he said, “not only because it satisfies a man’s pride,” biit because it leads to the production of “more and cheaper and better farm goods.” Dear Editor: Let us learn Hungarian I am sending a contribution and payment for the book, This Noble Flame I received from you at the concert. It was very enjoyable, I like the poetry of the book very much. Peace, Hank CORRECTION There is a small typographical error in the third paragraph of my “Prometheus of the Moneybags”, on p. 180 of “This Noble Flame”, that changes the meaning substantially. The “23 %” should be “.23 %” It would have been better if I had made it 0.23 % originallv. Joseph Budish My watch doesn't keep good time. It loses [gains] ten minutes a day. It’s (exactly) nine o'clock. It's ten past nine. It's a quarter past nine (at the latest). It’s twenty (minutes) past nine. It’s twenty-live past nine. It's hal/ past nine. I's twenty to ten. It's (about) a quarter to ten. It's six to ten. About two. At eleven sharp. At nine a. m. [p. m.]. Is it as late as that? It’s very late [early]. Bosszul jár az órám. Tíz percet késik fsiet) naponta. (Pontosan) kilenc óra. Tíz perccel múlt kilenc. (Legfeljebb) negyed tíz. Kilenc óra húsz (perc). öt perc múlva fél tíz Fél tíz. öt perc múlva háromnegyed tíz. (Körülbelül) háromnegyed tíz. Hat perc múlva tíz ura Kettő körül. Pontosan tizenegykor. Reggel (este] kilenckor Ilyen késő van már? Nagyon késő [korán| van.
