Amerikai Magyar Szó, 1982. július-december (36. évfolyam, 26-49. szám)
1982-09-30 / 36. szám
Thursday, Sep. 30. 1982. 11 AMERIKAI MAGYAR SZO HOW HUNGARIAN TRADE UNIONS f UNCTION Izomsorvadás IV. 1. Szemizomsorvadás A beteg minden leszármazottjánál jelentkezik mindkét nemnél egyaránt. Első tünetei többnyire 10—20 éves korban válnak szembetűnővé, de bármilyen korú betegnél is tapasztalhatók, tehát jóval előbb vagy később. Legelőször a szemmozgató izmok sorvadnak el, ezért a szemgolyó nem megfelő mozgása kettős látást okoz. Ezért szoktak a betegek orvoshoz fordulni, de zavarja őket az is, hogy felső szemhéjukat nehezen tudják felemelni. Később már hunyorítani sem tudnak, végül pedig mindkét szemgolyójuk mozdulatlanná válik. Az arcizmok bénulása az arcot merevvé teszi. Ezek a bénulások nem szimmetrikusak és sokáig az egyetlen jelei a betegségnek. Később az illető hangja is monotonná válik, de a nyelési, köhögési és tüsz- szentési képesség megmarad. Idővel a sorvadás átterjed a nyak és a váll izmaira, de a törzs és a felkar izmai is elsorvadhatnak. A kór lefolyása lassú, sok esetben a tünetek igen enyhék, ezért a beteg csak valamivel él kevesebbet az átlagos életkorúaknái. 2. A szemideghártya pigmentjének degenerációjával együttjáró szemizomsorvadás Ez a betegség csak ritkán jelentkezik, és nem minden esetben viszik át a szülők gyermekeikre. Megtörténhet, hogy egy család néhány nemzedékénél előfordul, de csak némelyeknél. Amint azt a neve is mondja, nemcsak a szemizmok sorvadásával jár, hanem a szemideghártya pigmentje is károsul. 3. Szem- és garatizom-sorvadás A betegség első jele a felső szemhéj leereszkedése, amely nem egyforma mindkét szemnél. Ritkán a nyelés zavarai tűnnek fel először. A későbbiek folyamán már mindkétféle működési rendellenesség jelen van. Néha a többi izom is károsul; ez elsősorban a váll és a felkar izjna- ira vonatkozik. Minden nemzedéknél előfordul és a beteg személy átviszi gyermekei felére. Azok a gyermekek, akik nem betegszenek meg, nem is viszik át utódaikra. Mindkét nemnél jelentkezik, mégpedig 40 és 60 év között. TERJESSZE LAPUNKAT A group of Correspondents accredited to the UNO in Geneva spent a week in Hungary. Their programme included a visit to the Central Council of Trade Unions where Sándor Gáspár, General Secretary, replied to their questions. What role do the trade unions play in the society of socialist Hungary?” “Many different aspirations can be found within the world trade union movement and that is quite natural: the work of the trade unions everywhere must be adapted to the given circumstances and conditions. We Hungarians link the process of renewal of our movement to two dates: 1945 and 1956. Since our country’s liberation we have been carrying out our activity under new social conditions. It was not—and it is still not—easy to develop the new methods required for our trade unions to meet their new vocation. We had to break with the century-old customs and practice of our movement, find and carry out the new tasks and seek the appropriate field for trade union activity within the single party, workers’ government political system. Up to 1956 we did not succeed in finding our proper role; our trade union work lost its autonomous nature and became characterless. This was one of the factors in the complex process that led to the counterrevolution. From 1957 the trade union movement was renewed, like the entire Hungarian political system. Step by step a rational and useful division of labour was established among the communist party, the government and the trade unions and the latter became autonomous political factors. A long path led up to the present, where the Hungarian trade unions are not tools of politics but active participants in moulding it.” “What possibilities do the trade unions have for acting in the workers’ interests?” “In Hungary the state or the employee appointed to head an institution on its behalf, acts as the employer. A system regulated by legislation ensures that the trade unions are able to exercise their rights. From the workplaces right up to the highest level of state administration, no important decisions affecting the workers can be taken without consulting the trade union or, in given questions, obtaining their prior approval. The trade union does not accept positions as being without appeal and it does not regard its own in this light either. The agreements are reached through compromises in debates with enterprise managers, ministers and government members, where equal partners share the same intentions, but seek different solutions. Our responsibility has also increased together with our rights: under the conditions of socialism the trade union cannot be in permanent opposition but must also make constructive proposals. Keeping in sight the members’ wishes, we therefore strive to achieve what is possible int view of our economic possibilities at the given time.” “Do the trade unions consider that the present reforms of the Hungarian economy are deepening social inequalities?” “Since 1968 the trade unions have been taking part in all phases of the reform of the system of economic management and, precisely in the interest of improvement, we have always signalled any harmful effects that we have observed. The increased enterprise autonomy and the changes in the system of incentives and remuneration do act in the direction of differentiation. The trade unions not only tolerate but also support growing inequalities that are in proportion with the quantity, quality and usefulness of the work done. The false egalitarianism introduced decades ago is one of the weaknesses of our economy. One of the chief aspirations of our country that had opted for the path . of socialism but..was very poor, was simply to survive. In other words, we had to achieve security of existence for the broadest masses. Security is no longer a problem for anyone now. However, we have reached the stage where we must differentiate to a greater extent between the different jobs and sectors—and in the material incentives—in the interest of our economic advancement. Our task is now the difficult one of perfecting the,system of distribution. Naturally, we can only use methods that are compatible with the nature of our society and this is something on which the trade unions are very firm. We know that there are plants that should have been shut down already, but we will not do so until all the workers have been provided with jobs elsewhere, because it is the legal right of every worker to be given a suitable new job. This means that socialist humanitarianism imposes limits on the growth of economic potential.” “What purposes does the Hungarian trade unions’ right of veto serve?” “There is nothing forbidding strikes in Hungary and we recognize the justification for the strike as such. At the same time, we consider that it is not a suitable means for attaining the objectives of our socialist society. Even without it, we can win everything that our objective possibilities allow. And even if we did strike, wages could not be increased if the national economy did not have the means for it. The right of veto serves to assert the position of the trade unions in extreme cases to prevent measures that have been taken without consulting the trade unions or in defiance of their opinion and which infringe the workers’ interests. “Vetoes were imposed in 37 cases in 1981, mainly by enterprise trade unions. But in 1980 the SZOT came very close to vetoing the intention of the Council of Ministers. Because the state budget is limited, only one form of welfare allocation can be increased at a time. The government wanted to increase family allowances but we considered that it was more imporant to raise the lower pensions because it had become an urgent imperative to improve the living conditions of this social stratum. We debated the matter at great length and declared that if the government did not adopt our proposal, we would impose a veto. The Council of Ministers finally accepted the SZOT’s demand. We could not have achieved more than that even if we had organized a national strike.” Sándor Gáspár concluded his information with the following words: “In Hungary, where we are living in a transitional society that has not yet taken on its final form, the activity of the trade unions also corresponds to this state of affairs. We are adapting to these conditions and strive to carry out our work—with which we are still far from being satisfied—better and more effectively.” THE MUSIC OF BEVERLY DE FRIES-D'ALBERT In the Artist-in-Residence Series of the Coronet Recording Company, Beverly De Fries-D’Albert is presented in a complete L.P. album of electronic music. Each piece has a program. The first is dedicated to the thousands of dolphins killed in southwestern Japan. “Nosce Taipsum” is a piece that means to express the struggle of life, with the desire to know one’s self as a prerequisite to the knowledge of God. These compositions are most original and present a composer with great vision and versatility in the handling of her subjects. The winner of the “Distinguished Artist Award” of 1981, she is an outstanding composer who has mastered the skills and possesses the necessary sensitivity of becoming one of the prominent composers of electronic music of the century. Major contributions were made by the composer’s husband, the internationally acclaimed concert violinist, Dr. Francois D’Albert, his GSU string quartet and the composer herself. The album is sold at music recording stores nationwide and can be ordered from the composer: Monadnock Building, Suite 1664. 53 W Jackson Blvd. Chicago, 111. 60604, or Coronet Recording Co. 4971 No. High St. Columbus, O. for S 9.98 plus shipping. In our last week’s issue we failed to mention that the article:“Kodály Centenary” was written by ERNA FODOR. 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