Amerikai Magyar Hírlap, 2014 (26. évfolyam, 1-39. szám)
2014-08-01 / 31. szám
Hungarian Journal July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary’s calamitous last hurrah News-hungry, patriotic crowds had been massing for hours outside newspaper offices in Vienna when emperor Franz Joseph’s “To My Peoples!” proclamation of war against Serbia finally came on the evening of July 28, 1914. A month after a Bosnian Serb revolutionary assassinated Franz Ferdinand, The two emperor: Franz Joseph I and Kaiser Wilhelm II ^e'r t0 Austro-Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo, the uppity Serbs were going to get a long-deserved bloody nose. Special editions were ripped out of newspaper sellers’ hands, and in Vienna at least, nationalistic songs were sung late into the summer night, triumphant speeches were made and thousands thronged the streets. “Maybe people didn’t think it would be over by Christmas, but the feeling was that it would be done by mid-1915,” historian and Austrian Military Museum (HGM) director Christian Ortner told AFP. “But Vienna was playing a game of very high risks.” Instead of a short war — and one confined to the Balkans as Vienna thought — this was the start of World War I, four years of conflict drawing in all the great powers of the time and killing nine million soldiers. A day after Austria-Hungary’s declaration, Serbia’s ally Russia began mobilising. On August 1, Germany declared war on Russia and two days later on France. On August 4, with Germany invading Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany. “Vienna thought it was probable that Russia would enter the war but... it was thought that their ally Germany, either with threats or by entering the war, could keep Russia in check,” Ortner said. In Berlin Kaiser Wilhelm II, grandson of Britain’s Queen Victoria, had issued in early July his famous “blank cheque” saying that 83-year-old Franz Joseph could rely “in this case, as in all others, upon Germany’s full support”. “Berlin didn’t realise what it was getting into... They thought this was just another Balkan crisis, of which there had been several. Only once it became clear that Russia was mobilising was it realised how dramatic the situation was.” Vienna before 1914 was a grand imperial metropolis of two million people, a city of light of technology, its crystal-mirrored cafes a haven for intellectuals, scientists, avant-garde artists and musicians. “It was a golden age of security,” Austrian author Stefan Zweig would write later. “Slipping back to barbarity, to war between the peoples of Europe, was as unimaginable as witches and ghosts.” The strains were already showing in an empire then encompassing 50 million people speaking a dozen languages, and even before Franz Ferdinan'd wás killed it was feared that when his uncle the emperor died, so might his realm. But the global conflict that the doddering Franz Joseph -- who passed in 1916 — unleashed from his Bad Ischl summer residence dealt an even more devastating blow to his empire than any had expected. The invasion of Serbia proved a disaster, Austria-Hungary only managed to hold back the Russians thanks to German help and Italy’s entry into the war in 1915 left the empire fighting a war it was not prepared for on three fronts. When defeat came in 1918, more than a million of its soldiers were dead and the empire fell apart, leaving the German-speaking rump of Austria in chaos and starving, with the lands it once relied upon for food now cut off. Worldwide commemoration of First World War with II Silenzio Áron Koós-Hutás played II Silenzio On Sunday trumpets sounded at the same time all over the world with the well-known instrumental tune of II Silenzio, commemorating the start of the First World War a hundred years ago, reported news agency MTI. In Hungary musician Áron Koós-Hutás was the one to sound the trumpet in Budapest. Áron Koós-Hutás played the three-minute tune on the Buda Castle’s Savoy terrace alone. The initiative originated from the Italian Prime Minister’s Office, as countries England, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and the United States of America all joined up. All performances were recorded as the Italian television plans to compose a commemorative clip. The thematic melody, written in 1965 is an extension of the same Italian Cavalry bugle call used by the Russian composer Tchaikovsky to open his Capriccio Italien. II Silenzio is used all over the world by military and civilian organizations alike to mark a moment of silence. MTI így emlékezik a világháborúra Szerbia Az első világháború kitörésének 100. évfordulójára emlékeznek Szerbiában: a helyi újságok melléklettel és érzelmes kommentárokkal elevenítik fel a balkáni országnak a történelmi eseményben játszott szerepét. “Európa hősei voltunk” - ezt a címet adta évfordulós cikkének a Nase Novine belgrádi lap. “Az első világháborús idők Szerbiája a hősiesség és a büszkeség örök forrását jelenti” - kommentálta a legnagyobb példányszámú szerb lap, a Blic. Az újság hozzátette: tulajdonképpen Oroszország és Franciaország elnökének és Nagy-Britannia kormányfőjének Belgrádba kellene jönnie, és kezet kellene ráznia a hősök leszármazottaival. A szerb kormány is megemlékezett a háború kezdetéről. “Ha a nagyok és az erősek valamit tanulhatnak Szerbiától, akkor az az, hogy Szerbia mindig a fény és a szabadság oldalán állt” - hangsúlyozta ünnepi beszédében Aleksandar Vulin munkaügyi miniszter. “A győzelmet Szerbia arra irányuló eltökéltsége hozta meg, hogy megvédje jogait és az igaz szerb ügyet” - szögezte le hétfői számában a Politika című tekintélyes szerb lap, hozzátéve: “Ausztria azt kapta, amit megérdemelt”. Az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia 1914. július 28-án, egy hónappal a szarajevói merénylet után üzent hadat Szerbiának, amivel megkezdődött az első világháború. MTI Highest Quality Care at the Best Price! Elderly, Rehabilitating, Children, Newborn Beszélünk magyarul is! Ingyenes konzultáció otthonában. 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This in turn would sow the seeds for an even darker chapter — Nazism and World War II — the horrors of which put the experiences of the first war somewhat “into the shadow”, Ortner said. globalpost.com Internetes naptár indul a hőstettekről Az első világháború kitörésének 100. évfordulóján, “A Nagy Háború kisembereinek hőstettei” címmel elindítják a hősök naptárának internetes oldalát - közölte a Honvédelmi Minisztérium. Közleményükben kiemelték: az új webes felület az első világháború eseményeit nem a hadmozdulatok vagy a nagy hadműveletek oldaláról próbálja bemutatni. Az oldal szerkesztőinek célja, hogy bemutassák azokat a mostanra feledésbe merült katonákat, akik “példát mutattak helytállásból, bátorságból vagy néha az önfeláldozásig terjedő bajtársiasságból”. A hősök naptára a http://www.hungarianarmedforces.com/naptar/ oldalon található. A szerkesztők várják a leszármazottaktól azokat a fényképeket vagy esetleírásokat, amelyekkel tovább gazdagíthatják a hősök naptárát. 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