Amerikai Magyar Hírlap, 2013 (25. évfolyam, 1-50. szám)

2013-05-31 / 22. szám

AMERICAN Hungarian Journal Will Hungary become a country of migrants? Around 72,000 Hungarians left the country in 2012, assuming the same country-specific migration fig­ures as in 2011 and adding the latest migration data released by Germany. Of course, the number of people returning to Hungary should be deducted but - just like in the case of emigrants - there is no unequivocal statistics available for return migration, either. What appears to be evident, however, is that the pace of return migration does not track the rise in the pace of migration, which gives reason for concern that Hungary will become a country of migrants, like Bulgaria for instance. According to data by Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union, around 230.000 Hungarian citizens were officially registered to be living in other European countries, 2.5 times more than in 2001, experts told a press conference for the SEEMIG project, a strategic project funded by the European Union’s South-East Europe Programme. They are still in the process of gathering answers from those living aboard in a targeted survey within the SEEMIG project. According to the 2011 census, 143,000 Hungarian citizens were living abroad for over a year and another 70,059 Hungarians lived abroad for less than a year. This figure, however, may be considered only as the minimum number of Hungarians who live outside the borders. According to the latest Eurostat figures, 230.000 Hungarians live in different European countries - in officially registered status. This marks a 2.5- fold rise compared to 2001, but the number should still be considered as a low estimate. Not to mention that there are important migration destinations outside the EU, such as the United States, Australia and Israel, which all host a large number of Hungarians. Some 400,000 Hungarians lived in other non-European coun­tries, according to the World Bank’s 2010 estimate, said Attila Melegh, head of the SEEMIG project. Migration is not a national event. By definition it requires the participation of at least two nations, otherwise there is no migration, Melegh said. It is a transnational phenomenon, which means that there is a country the migrants leave and another one that accept them. This means there must be not only supply but demand too. Migration cannot be understood by assessing solely Hungary-specific developments, he added. The data indicate that, according to local perspectives, emigration from Hungary has picked up. In 2012 alone, some 70,000 Hungarian citizens are estimated to have left the country, but this needs to be put in a regional perspective. The balance of migration to and from Hungary should also be taken into consideration. The balance can be zero even if migration is at high levels, when immigration to the same country is just as large. With regard to migration in the region, two main trends can be observed. Firstly, there is migration to European Union member states and secondly, Russia has also become an important destination. According to World Bank data, 17 million people lived outside their home country in 2010, more than half of them in Europe and four million in Russia. The largest target countries were Germany, Italy and Spain. Regarding the number of immigrants Italy, Romania and Ukraine were in the lead, but in ratio of the population Albania, Moldova and Romania were left by the most citizens. Germany has become a key target destination in the region for emigrants and there is a kind of a race between people leaving their home country. Whereas the rise in the number of emigrants to Germany has come to a halt from certain countries (e.g. Austria, Croatia, Moldova, Albania, Ukraine), their numbers have been slowly growing from elsewhere,such as Hungary and Slovakia and emigrants to Germany from Serbia and Romania has leaped over the past few years. In the middle of the 20th century Hungary was one of the countries where many people migrated from, especially in the 1950s and 1960s. Later it has started to become also a target and not only a source of migra­tion and the number of migrants received (especially from Romania) exceeded the number of those who had left the country. As migration from the country is rising exponentially the danger resurfaced that Hungary will become a country of migrants again, like Bulgaria and Moldova are today. The rate of migration from Hungary has been picking up at an ever quicker pace since the end of the 2000s. Assuming that the number of Hungarians that left the country last year matched the number of those who migrated elsewhere in 2011 and adding the latest migration figures of Germany, we’ll find that some 72.000 Hungarians moved to another country in 2012 vs. 58,000 in 2011, 43,000 in 2010 and around 30,000 in the years before that. The ratio of returning migrants has been dropping sharply, but the dynamics did not pick up as much as the rate of people migrating from the country. Whereas previously the number of returning migrants to the number of migrants was around 80%, this ratio has dropped to around 50% by now. And in most Hungary Looks To The East Hungarian businessmen sense they are being discriminated against in the West because they are Eastern European, so they feel more com­fortable seeking out business opportunities in the East. Buyers from the EU also tend to be more demanding. In the East the domestic manu­facturers are often not as competitive and consumers are looking for new quality products. What is more, there is an emotional attachment to the post-Soviet states as well as Arab countries; there is a tradition of good relations with Hungary, reaching back to the Warsaw Pact years. The main countries of interest for Hungary in the past 3 years have been Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, Azerbaijan, Kha­­zastan, and Vietnam. The Hungarian government seeks to facilitate the export of Hungarian products to these countries where government backing and centralized trade are more effective than among the politi­cally independent established multinational brands of the West. 75% of the Hungarian economic output is produced by SMEs while they are responsible for merely 20% of the export. Nearly 80% of the country’s exports are going to the EU, which is basically the Western European international companies who have placed their production in Hungary and are exporting back to their own markets, so many feel Hungary does not have much control or opportunity in this arena. This makes the country much more vulnerable to recession in the West, as factories close down and entire regions suffer from unemploy­ment. Most Hungarian companies have been established around the idea of supplying the domestic market with Western European goods. Currently only 11.9% of Hungary’s export goes outside Europe. The government aims to increase this to over 30% within 5 years. There is a tremendous opportunity in this unexplored market potential. The number of prime real estate acquisitions by Russian and Middle Eastern entities have also increased in the capital city as well as the top resort locations of Hungary, xpatloop.com Május 31, 2013 cases it is unclear what returning migration really means, because in the majority of the countries- if they registration those leav­ing the country - they only mark the citizenship of the departing people, but not the country where they move to (an exception is Germany where data is available also for the latter). The composition of nationali­ties migrating to Hungary has also changed in a peculiar way over the past few years. The ratio of people coming from the neigh­bouring countries has decreased, while the ratio of migrants from Germany, for instance, has grown. The ratio of older people and of those feeling close to the Hungarian culture is high among Germany emigrants. Collecting data on migration is stymied by many factors and there has been hardly any infor­mation about the composition of emigrants and their attributes. In scope of the SEEMIG proj­ect Hungary’s Central Statistics Office (KSH) is working on an experimental data collection that- using employment survey data as a basis - presents question­naires directly to the emigrants. The recollection of these ques­tionnaires is still in progress. portfolio.hu Freedom House: Hungarian media retains “partly free” Freedom House said the media in Hungary is still only “partly free” in its 2012 global media freedom report. In 2011, the Washing­­ton-based independent NGO changed its assessment of the media in Hungary from “free” to “partly free”. In the fresh report, FH ranked Hungary 74th on its global list of 197 countries, with a press freedom score of 36 on a scale of 100, tying it with Montenegro and Serbia. It said that conditions in the country remained stable in 2012, although it noted persistent concerns regarding extensive legislative and regulatory changes that have tightened government control of the media. “A series of rulings by Hungary’s Constitutional Court and legal amendments adopted to meet objections from the European Commis­sion in 2011 and 2012 have done little to curb the power of a new media authority controlled by the ruling Fidesz party,” said FH. politics.hu Hungary Destroys All Monsanto GMO Corn Fields Hungary has taken a bold stand against biotech giant Monsanto and genetic modification by destroying 1000 acres of maize found to have been grown with genetically modified seeds, according to Hungary deputy state secretary of the Ministry of Rural Development Lajos Bognár. Unlike many European Union countries, Hungary is a nation where genetically modified (GM) seeds are banned. In a similar stance against GM ingredients, Peru has also passed a 10 year ban on GM foods. Almost 1000 acres of maize found to have been ground with geneti­cally modified seeds have been destroyed throughout Hungary, deputy state secretary of the Ministry of Rural Development Lajos Bognár said. The GMO maize has been ploughed under, said Lajos Bognár, but pollen has not spread from the maize, he added. Unlike several EU members, GMO seeds are banned in Hungary. The checks will continue despite the fact that seek traders are obliged to make sure that their products are GMO free, Bognár said. During the invesigation, controllers have found Pioneer Monsanto products among the seeds planted. The free movement of goods within the EU means that authorities will not investigate how the seeds arrived in Hungary, but they will check where the goods can be found, Bognár said. Regional public radio reported that the two biggest international seed producing com­panies are affected in the matter and GMO seeds could have been sown on up to the thousands of hectares in the country. Most of the local farmers have complained since they just discovered they were using GMO seeds. With season already under way, it is too late to sow new seeds, so this years harvest has been lost. And to make things even worse for the farmers, the company that distributed the seeds in Baranya county is under liquidation. Therefore, if any compensation is paid by the international seed producers, the money will be paid primarily to that company’s creditors, rather than the farmers, prisonplanet.com DUNA Travel 8530 Holloway Dr. ftl02 W. 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