A Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 43. (2004)

Nováki Gyula-Sárközy Sebestyén: Várak a történeti Zemplén megyében I.

Vendé Aladár 1905 Zemplén vármegye községei. In: Zemplén vármegye és Sátoraljaújhely város. Szerk.: Borovszky Samu. Bp. é. n. (Magyarország Vármegyéi és Városai) 14-141. Zempléni hgs. 1967 Zempléni-hegység. Útikalauz. [Irta:] {Balogh Gyula, Burkus Mihály stb.) B

PZsO. = Zsigmondkori oklevéltár. Összeáll.: Mályusz Elemér-Borsa Iván. I—VIII. Bp., 1951-2003. (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai. II. Forráskiadványok 1-39.) Zsuffa Tibor 1961 Kossuth szülőfaluja. In: Borsodi Szemle. 5. 506-513. CASTLES IN HISTORICAL ZEMPLÉN COUNTY The study is part of a series covering the topography of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, containing the detailed description of the prehistoric, medieval and post-medieval hillforts, strongholds and castles in different regions of the county. One of these regions is historical Zemplén county, abolished in 1950, whose southcrn part falls intő the territory of present-day Hungary. This study offers a detailed description of nine lesser known strongholds and four destroyed or uncertain fortified settlements. The well-known signifícant strongholds and Renaissance castles (castellum) in this region have been omitted from this survey owing to the abundance of studies and books on this subject available to both scholars and the generál public. Bodrogkisfalud - Várhegy. The cone shaped Várhegy [Castle Mountain], lying 299 m a.s.l., rises somé 2 km north of Bodrogkisfalud. The stronghold incorporates the small, óval plateau, whose higher part is along the eastern edge. The plateau is bordered by a marked bordér. The plateau is ringed by two smaller ditches which do not overlap. The lower-lying one encloses the stronghold almost completcly, with the cxception of a 40 m long section on the southeastern side. There is no reliable documentary evidence on the stronghold. In spite of the lack of finds, the fortification can be dated to the Middle Ages on thc basis of its nature. The documents relating to the ownership of estates in the area suggest that the stronghold was constructed by the Keresztúri branch of thc Aba kindred, which built its family stronghold somctime during the 13th century. Erdőbénye - Várhegy. The Várhegy [Castle Mountain], rising to a height of 344.6 m a.s.l., lies somé 2 km south of Erdőbénye. The edge of the fortification is marked by a natural bordér on which no traces of artificial defenceworks could be observed. The area of the stronghold incorporates the entire longish mountain summit, whose northwestern side is straight, the rest being semicircular. The area of the stronghold slopes towards the north. The inner area of the fortification covers an area of 58 m by 24 m. The mountain slope is steepcst in the northwest, where no artificial structures could be noted; in contrast, a shallow artificial ditch, lying about 4-6 m below the edge of the summit, encloses the other more gently sloping sides. There is no historical data on this stronghold. In spite of the lack of finds, the fortification can be assigned to the Middle Ages in view of its features. If the medieval origins of the stronghold can be conclusively proven, it can be associated with the Aba kindred, which possessed this area from the early 13th century. Monok - ingvar. The Ingvár Hill lies 2.5 km southwest of Monok. It is a solitary hill with steep sides, only the southeastern side slopes somewhat more gently. Its highest point is its western end (227.5 m a.s.l.). There is no rampart or ditch above the northern, western or the southern steep side, while a 340 m long low rampart, whose northeastern end is rather indistinct, protected the one-time stronghold along the more gently sloping southwestern side. A separate upper fórt enclosed by a rampart with an entrance in the northern side, lay in the eastern part. Surprisingly enough, the upper fórt was constructed not in the highest point in the west, but in the eastern part, 228